Dataset Information

Associations of Diet with Urinary Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) and Its Precursors among Free-Living 10-Year-Old Children: Data from SMBCS.

ABSTRACT: Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a diet-derived cometabolite linked to cardiometabolic disease, has been associated with elevated dietary status, particularly in people with kidney failure and adults with dietary modulations. However, the influence of the current diet on TMAO levels in free-living children has not been adequately described. This study was to explore associations of food compositions and dietary diversity with urinary TMAO and its precursor concentrations. Urinary TMAO and its precursor concentrations of 474 healthy children from the Sheyang Mini Birth Cohort were quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive high-resolution mass spectrometer (UPLC-Q Exactive HRMS). Individual food compositions from 24 h dietary recall data were classified into 20 groups and diversity scores were calculated according to the guidelines of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Associations of urinary TMAO and its precursors with food compositions and dietary diversity scores were assessed by generalized linear regression models. In models adjusted for potential confounders, urinary TMAO was significantly associated with intakes of fish (β, regression coefficient = 0.155, p < 0.05) and vegetables (β = 0.120, p < 0.05). Eggs intake showed positive associations with TMAO's precursors (trimethylamine: β = 0.179, p < 0.05; choline: β = 0.181, p < 0.05). No association between meat intake and TMAO was observed, whereas meat and poultry intakes were related to the levels of acetyl-L-carnitine and L-carnitine (β: 0.134 to 0.293, p < 0.05). The indicators of dietary diversity were positively correlated to TMAO concentration (β: 0.027 to 0.091, p < 0.05). In this free-living children-based study, dietary factors were related to urinary TMAO and its precursors, especially fish, meat, and eggs. As such, dietary diversity was positively related to the level of TMAO.

SUBMITTER: Dai Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9413070 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Associations of Diet with Urinary Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) and Its Precursors among Free-Living 10-Year-Old Children: Data from SMBCS.

Dai Yiming Y Zhang Jiming J Wang Zheng Z Xu Sinan S Zhang Qinyu Q Duan Zhiping Z Tan Ruonan R Qi Xiaojuan X Guo Jianqiu J Chang Xiuli X Wu Chunhua C Zhou Zhijun Z

Nutrients 20220819 16

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a diet-derived cometabolite linked to cardiometabolic disease, has been associated with elevated dietary status, particularly in people with kidney failure and adults with dietary modulations. However, the influence of the current diet on TMAO levels in free-living children has not been adequately described. This study was to explore associations of food compositions and dietary diversity with urinary TMAO and its precursor concentrations. Urinary TMAO and its prec ...[more]

PMID: 36014922

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Project description:To compare the plasma concentrations of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, their spouses and healthy controls and to find associations between gut microbiota metabolites and ALS. ALS patients were recruited at Peking University Third Hospital from January 2015 to December 2018. Information was collected from their spouses at the same time. Age and gender matched healthy controls were recruited from individuals who visited the physical examination center for health checkups. Blood samples were collected after at least 4 h of fasting. Concentrations of the metabolites were quantified using stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Group differences were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric tests, as appropriate. In this study, 160 patients with ALS were recruited. In these patients, 63 were compared with their spouses, 148 were compared with age and gender matched controls, and 60 were compared with both their spouses and heathy controls in the same time. The carnitine concentration was significantly higher in patients than in their spouses, while there were no significant differences in the concentrations of other metabolites. The carnitine and betaine concentrations were higher, while the choline, TMAO and butyrobetaine concentrations were lower in ALS than in healthy controls. The concentrations of the metabolites in the spouses were more similar to the ALS patients rather than to the healthy controls. In the ALS group, the plasma concentrations of carnitine, betaine, choline and TMAO were inversely related to the severity of upper motor neuron impairment. The TMAO metabolic pathway of the gut microbiota is disturbed in both ALS patients and their spouses, which might suggest that the changes in the gut microbiota occurred before disease onset. The negative correlations between the involvement of UMNs and the concentrations of the metabolites might suggest that the inhibition of this metabolic pathway might lead to a better prognosis in ALS patients.

Project description:Large size, protein binding and intracellular sequestration are well known to limit dialytic removal of compounds. In studying the normal renal and dialytic handling of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), a molecule associated with cardiovascular disease in the general population, we discovered two largely unrecognized additional limitations to sustained reduction of a solute by chronic hemodialysis. We measured solute levels and handling in subjects on chronic hemodialysis (ESRD, n = 7) and compared these with levels and clearance in normal controls (NLS, n = 6). The ESRD patients had much higher peak predialysis plasma levels of TMAO than NLS (77 ± 26 vs 2±1 μM, mean ± SD, p<0.05). For comparison, predialysis BUN levels in ESRD subjects were 45±11 mg/dl and 15±3 mg/dl in NLS. Thus TMAO levels in ESRD average about 40 fold those in NLS while BUN is 3 fold NLS. However, the fractional reduction of TMAO concentration during dialysis, was in fact greater than that of urea (86±3 vs 74±6%, TMAO vs urea, p < 0.05) and its dialytic clearance while somewhat lower than that of urea was comparable to creatinine's. Also production rates were similar (533±272 vs 606 ± 220 μ moles/day, ESRD vs NLS, p>0.05). However, TMAO has a volume of distribution about one half that of urea. Also in NLS the urinary clearance of TMAO was high (219±78 ml/min) compared to the urinary urea and creatinine clearances (55±14 and 119±21 ml/min, respectively). Thus, TMAO levels achieve multiples of normal much greater than those of urea due mainly to 1) TMAO's high clearance by the normal kidney relative to urea and 2) its smaller volume of distribution. Modelling suggests that only much more frequent dialysis would be required to lower levels Thus, additional strategies such as reducing production should be explored. Furthermore, using urea as the sole marker of dialysis adequacy may be misleading since a molecule, TMAO, that is dialyzed readily accumulates to much higher multiples of normal with urea based dialysis prescriptions.

Dataset Information

Associations of Diet with Urinary Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) and Its Precursors among Free-Living 10-Year-Old Children: Data from SMBCS.

Publications

Associations of Diet with Urinary Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) and Its Precursors among Free-Living 10-Year-Old Children: Data from SMBCS.

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