A Rare Australian Case of Cutaneous Cladophialophora bantiana and Review of the Literature.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Frederiks AJ
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9413773 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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A Rare Australian Case of Cutaneous Cladophialophora bantiana and Review of the Literature.
Frederiks Aaron J AJ Delaney Thomas T
Acta dermato-venereologica 20210707 7
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Project description:Background Intracerebral Cladophialophora bantiana may carry up to a 70% mortality rate despite advances in surgical resection capabilities and the use of both systemic and intrathecal antifungal treatments. Objectives The authors examined a retrospective case series of two patients with intracerebral infection from the rare, neurotropic fungus Cladophialophora bantiana and conducted a literature review to evaluate optimal therapies. Patients/Methods At our institution, the patients' cases presented with raised intracranial features of headache, visual field cut, and/or memory loss, with a correspondingly wide variety of radiological differential diagnoses. It was the microbiological, histopathological, and genomic identification of C. bantiana that ensured targeted, individualized patient therapies. Results and Conclusions Successful treatment depends on obtaining a complete surgical resection, an accurate microbiological diagnoses for mold identification, and an effective long-term, personalized antifungal treatment. Close radiographic surveillance is necessary to ensure complete eradication of pheoid fungi.
| S-EPMC5553499 | biostudies-other
Project description:Background and purposeHerein, we describe a rare case of fatal cerebral phaeohyphomycosis by Cladophialophora bantiana in an immunocompetent individual without any underlying risk factors.Case reportA 55-year-old female presented with a short history of fever for 1 month, as well as headache, sudden onset of right-sided upper and lower limb weakness, and loss of speech for 10 days. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed large, peripherally enhancing, well-defined, cystic, space- occupying, axial lesion in the left parietal lobe with a mass effect. The patient was subjected to craniotomy, and the drained pus revealed pigmented septate hyphae in potassium hydroxide mount examination, which was identified as Cladophialophora bantiana. The patient was started on amphotericin B and voriconazole. However, she developed acute respiratory infection leading to multi-organ failure and death on day 27 post-operation.ConclusionIn the absence of comparative trials owing to the rarity of the disease, the radical resection of lesion, drainage of pus, and prolonged targeted antifungal therapy with close postoperative radiological surveillance are the therapeutic measures of choice for patients with brain abscess caused by phaeoid fungi.
| S-EPMC8018825 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionMelanized or dematiaceous fungi are associated with a wide variety of infectious syndromes. Cladophialophora bantiana is one of the most common and dangerous neurotropic fungi, able to cause brain abscess and disseminated infection.Case presentationWe report a new case of phaeohyphomycosis brain abscesses caused by C. bantiana in Slovakia. The patient was a 63-year-old man having undergone heart transplantation, with dyspnoea, left-sided bronchopneumonia and fevers. CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of the brain revealed numerous abscesses. Bacterial infection was proven by neither the growth of bacteria in culture nor the presence of bacterial antigens. Direct microscopy of the pus from the brain abscess showed Gram-positive hyphae. The isolate was finally identified as C. bantiana based on morphological and physiological features, and on DNA sequence analysis.ConclusionIn spite of appropriate therapy, neurological complications and accelerated respiratory insufficiency resulted in the patient's death. Concerning clinical manifestation of the brain phaeohyphomycosis that can sometimes be a problem to distinguish from malignancy, physicians should also assume infection caused by this serious pathogen.
| S-EPMC5415929 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We report a case of eumycetoma due to Cladophialophora bantiana in a 3-year-old male Siberian Husky living in France. The dog presented a tumefaction on the thorax and deformity of the second and third subjacent ribs, which were surgically removed. Macroscopic black granules were visible on the ribs, and direct microscopic examination revealed their fungal origin. Cultures yielded pure colonies of C. bantiana. The identification of the causative agent was confirmed after amplification and sequence analysis of fungal internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 and 5.8S ribosomal DNA regions. Surgery and antifungal treatment with oral itraconazole associated with flucytosine allowed apparent cure after a 10-month follow-up. Envenomation with pine processionary caterpillars (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) and subsequently intensive corticotherapy were considered as possible predisposing factors. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case in which C. bantiana is identified as the causative agent of eumycetoma.
| S-EPMC522343 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cladophialophora bantiana is a neurotropic dematiaceous fungus which rarely causes disseminated disease. We report a case of proven C. bantiana osteomyelitis in a renal transplant recipient, complicated with probable cerebral disease. Stable disease was reached after combined antifungal therapies, immune enhancement and amputation of the infected lower limb.
| S-EPMC4995601 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Pathogen associated with human infections in immunocompromised hosts
| PRJNA322094 | ENA
Project description:Pneumonia and brain abscess likely due to Cladophialophora bantiana in Taiwanese patient
| PRJDB17102 | ENA
Project description:Cladophialophora bantiana is a neurotropic mould and primary cause of cerebral phaeohyphomycoses, which presents with brain abscesses in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. It is associated with high mortality due to delay in diagnosis and absence of standardised therapy. We present a case of fatal cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in a 67-year-old Caucasian man. Diagnosis was achieved by histopathological examination of brain tissue followed by conventional culture and molecular identification. We highlight diagnostic and treatment challenges involved.
| S-EPMC6403067 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin which causes huge economic losses in the food and animal feed industries. The lactonase ZHD101 from Clonostachys rosea, which catalyzes the hydrolytic degradation of ZEN, is the only known ZEN-detoxifying enzyme. Here, a protein homologous to ZHD101, denoted CbZHD, from Cladophialophora batiana was expressed and characterized. Sequence alignment indicates that CbZHD possesses the same catalytic triad and ZEN-interacting residues as found in ZHD101. CbZHD exhibits optimal enzyme activity at 35°C and pH 8, and is sensitive to heat treatment. The crystal structure of apo CbZHD was determined to 1.75 Å resolution. The active-site compositions of CbZHD and ZHD101 were analyzed.
| S-EPMC5619743 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cutaneous-pericardial fistula is a rare complication of transapical aortic valve replacement; only a few cases are reported in the literature. It is part of a wide range of surgical site infection manifestations that could emerge after surgery. Due to its proximity to the heart, the risk of infectious lesions of adjacent structures and inoculation of pathogens on the prosthetic valve can lead to life-threatening complications. We report here a case of successful surgical treatment through reduced ribs and soft tissue operative trauma.
| S-EPMC7396047 | biostudies-literature