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Effect of Fe-doping on bending elastic properties of single-crystalline rutile TiO₂ nanowires.

ABSTRACT: Transition-metal-doping can improve some physical properties of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanowires (NWs), which leads to important applications in miniature devices. Here, we investigated the elastic moduli of single-crystalline pristine and Fe-doped rutile TiO₂ NWs using the three-point bending method, which is taken as a case study of impacts on the elastic properties of TiO₂ NWs caused by transition-metal-doping. The Young's modulus of the pristine rutile TiO₂ NWs decreases when the cross-sectional area increases (changing from 246 GPa to 93.2 GPa). However, the elastic modulus of the Fe-doped rutile NWs was found to increase with the cross-sectional area (changing from 91.8 GPa to 200 GPa). For NWs with similar geometrical size, the elastic modulus (156.8 GPa) for Fe-doped rutile NWs is 24% smaller than that (194.5 GPa) of the pristine rutile TiO₂ NWs. The vacancies generated by Fe-doping are supposed to cause the reduction of elastic modulus of rutile TiO₂ NWs. This work provides a fundamental understanding of the effects of transition-metal-doping on the elastic properties of TiO₂ NWs.

SUBMITTER: Liu Q

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9417917 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of Fe-doping on bending elastic properties of single-crystalline rutile TiO2 nanowires.

Liu Qiong Q Zhan Haifei H Nie Yihan Y Xu Yanan Y Zhu Huaiyong H Sun Ziqi Z Bell John J Bo Arinxin A Gu Yuantong Y

Nanoscale advances 20200518 7

Transition-metal-doping can improve some physical properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanowires (NWs), which leads to important applications in miniature devices. Here, we investigated the elastic moduli of single-crystalline pristine and Fe-doped rutile TiO2 NWs using the three-point bending method, which is taken as a case study of impacts on the elastic properties of TiO2 NWs caused by transition-metal-doping. The Young's modulus of the pristine rutile TiO<s ...[more]

PMID: 36132379

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Project description:A new synthetic method to grow O-deficient rutile TiO2(s) nanorods (NRs) and nanowires (NWs) by a vapor-solid reaction growth method is developed. TiCl4(g) was employed to react with commercially supplied CaTiO3(s) (size 2-4 μm) at 973 K under atmospheric pressure to generate TiO2(s) NRs (diameters 80-120 nm, lengths 1-4 μm). The reaction employing TiCl4(g) and CaO(s) at 973 K also generated CaTiO3(s) (size 4-13 μm) as the intermediate which reacted further with TiCl4(g) to produce NWs (diameters 80-120 nm, lengths 4-15 μm). This is the first report of 1D rutile TiO2(s) nanostructure with such a high aspect ratio. Both of the NRs and the NWs, with compositions TiO1.81 and TiO1.65, respectively, were single crystals grown in the [001] direction. Their morphology was affected by the reaction temperature, the concentration of TiCl4(g), and the particle size of CaTiO3(s). The NRs and the NWs were investigated as anode materials for Li+-ion batteries. At constant current rates 1, 2, and 5 C (1 C = 170 mA g-1) for 100 cycles, the cycling (1.0-3.0 V) performance data of the NRs were 146, 123, and 104 mA h g-1, respectively. On the other hand, the cycling performance data of the NWs were 120, 80, and 52 mA h g-1, respectively. This is attributed to the high Li+ ion diffusion rate (D Li+ ) of the NRs (29.52 × 10-15 cm2 s-1), which exceeds that of the NWs (8.61 × 10-15 cm2 s-1). Although the [001] growth direction of the NR crystals would provide the fastest channels for the diffusion of Li+ ions and enhance the battery capacity, the extremely long channels in the NWs could hamper the diffusion of the Li+ ions. The O-deficiency in the structure would increase the conductivity of the electrode material and improve the stable cycling stability of the batteries also. The long-term cycling test at 2 C for the battery constructed from the NRs retained 121 mA h g-1 after 200 cycles and 99.2 mA h g-1 after 800 cycles. The device has an excellent long-term cycling stability with a loss of only 0.04% per cycle.

Dataset Information

Effect of Fe-doping on bending elastic properties of single-crystalline rutile TiO₂ nanowires.

Publications

Effect of Fe-doping on bending elastic properties of single-crystalline rutile TiO<sub>2</sub> nanowires.

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