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Are TiO₂ nanoparticles safe for photocatalysis in aqueous media?

ABSTRACT: Although environmental and toxicity concerns are inherently linked, catalysis using photoactive nanoparticles and their hazardous potential are usually addressed independently. A toxicological assessment under the application framework is particularly important, given the pristine nanoparticles tend to change characteristics during several processes used to incorporate them into products. Herein, an efficient TiO₂-functionalized macroporous structure was developed using widely adopted immobilization procedures. The relationships between photocatalysis, catalyst release and associated potential environmental hazards were assessed using zebrafish embryonic development as a proxy. Immobilized nanoparticles demonstrated the safest approach to the environment, as the process eliminates remnant additives while preventing the release of nanoparticles. However, as acute sublethal effects were recorded in zebrafish embryos at different stages of development, a completely safe release of TiO₂ nanoparticles into the aquatic environment cannot be advocated.

SUBMITTER: Valerio A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9419467 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Are TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles safe for photocatalysis in aqueous media?

Valério Alexsandra A Sárria Marisa P MP Rodriguez-Lorenzo Laura L Hotza Dachamir D Espiña Begoña B Gómez González Sergio Yesid SY

Nanoscale advances 20200915 10

Although environmental and toxicity concerns are inherently linked, catalysis using photoactive nanoparticles and their hazardous potential are usually addressed independently. A toxicological assessment under the application framework is particularly important, given the pristine nanoparticles tend to change characteristics during several processes used to incorporate them into products. Herein, an efficient TiO<sub>2</sub>-functionalized macroporous structure was developed using widely adopted ...[more]

PMID: 36132922

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Project description:The influence of inorganic anions on the photoreactivity and aggregation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs) was assessed by dosing carbonate, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate as potassium salts at multiple concentrations. NP stability was monitored in terms of aggregate morphology and electrophoretic mobility (EPM). Aggregate size and fractal dimension were measured over time by laser diffraction, and the isoelectric point (IEP) as a function of anion and concentration was obtained by measuring EPM versus pH. Phosphate, carbonate, and to a lesser extent, sulfate decreased the IEP of TiO2 and stabilized NP suspensions owing to specific surface interactions, whereas this was not observed for nitrate and chloride. TiO2 NPs were exposed to UV-A radiation, and the photoreactivity was assessed by monitoring the production of reactive species over time both at the NP surface (photogenerated holes) and in the bulk solution (hydroxyl radicals) by observing their reactions with the selective probe compounds iodide and terephthalic acid, respectively. The generation of photogenerated holes and hydroxyl radicals was influenced by each inorganic anion to varying degrees. Carbonate and phosphate inhibited the oxidation of iodide, and this interaction was successfully described by a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism and related to the characteristics of TiO2 aggregates. Chloride and nitrate do not specifically interact with TiO2, and sulfate creates relatively weak interactions with the TiO2 surface such that no decrease in photogenerated hole reactivity was observed. A decrease in hydroxyl radical generation was observed for all inorganic anions. Quenching rate constants for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with each inorganic anion do not provide a comprehensive explanation for the magnitude of this decrease, which arises from the interplay of several physicochemical phenomena. This work shows that the reactivity of NPs will be strongly influenced by the makeup of the waters they are released into. The impact of anion species on hydroxyl radical inhibition was as follows: carbonate > chloride > phosphate > nitrate > sulfate.

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Are TiO₂ nanoparticles safe for photocatalysis in aqueous media?

Publications

Are TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles safe for photocatalysis in aqueous media?

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Dataset Information

Are TiO2 nanoparticles safe for photocatalysis in aqueous media?

Publications

Are TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles safe for photocatalysis in aqueous media?

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OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

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Are TiO₂ nanoparticles safe for photocatalysis in aqueous media?