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Efficacy and clinical monitoring strategies for immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted cytokine immunotherapy for locally advanced and metastatic colorectal cancer.

ABSTRACT: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer type and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths annually in the United States. Conventional treatment options include postoperative (adjuvant) and preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Although these treatment modalities have shown to decrease tumor burden, a major limitation to chemothearpy/radiotherapy is the high recurrence rate in patients. Immune-modulation strategies have emerged as a promising new therapeutic avenue to reduce this recurrence rate while minimizing undesirable systemic side effects. This review will focus specifically on the mechanisms of monoclonal antibodies: immune checkpoint inhibitors and cytokines, as well as current drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and new clinical/pre-clinical trials. Finally, this review will investigate emerging methods used to monitor tumor response post-treatment.

SUBMITTER: Bess SN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9422068 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Efficacy and clinical monitoring strategies for immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted cytokine immunotherapy for locally advanced and metastatic colorectal cancer.

Bess Shelby N SN Greening Gage J GJ Muldoon Timothy J TJ

Cytokine & growth factor reviews 20191024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer type and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths annually in the United States. Conventional treatment options include postoperative (adjuvant) and preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Although these treatment modalities have shown to decrease tumor burden, a major limitation to chemothearpy/radiotherapy is the high recurrence rate in patients. Immune-modulation strategies have emerged as a promising new therapeut ...[more]

PMID: 31679887

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Project description:Background and objectiveBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy of humankind, characterized by its low propensity for metastasis and its high recurrence rate. Surgical intervention is the predominant therapeutic approach. However, for cases of locally advanced BCC (laBCC) and metastatic BCC (mBCC), systematic therapy may be the first option. In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has garnered significant attention within the scientific community. And it has progressively demonstrated its efficacy in the treatment of laBCC and mBCC. This review aims to summarize the characteristics of immune microenvironment, biomarkers, and immunotherapies of BCC, and provide a reference for further research on BCC immunotherapy.MethodsWe searched literature in PubMed database and Web of Science and considered all study types written in English from 2013 to 2024.Key content and findingsThe alteration of the immune microenvironment is a pivotal factor in the progression of BCC. The expression levels of sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 2 (SOX2) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have emerged as potential prognostic biomarkers for BCC. And they are promising therapeutic targets for laBCC and mBCC. For patients presenting with laBCC or mBCC, a spectrum of immunotherapeutic approaches is being explored, including inhibition of the programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), blockade of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) inhibition therapy, the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, and vaccination. Cemiplimab is the first immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) approved by the Food and Drug Administration for refractory BCC, marking a major breakthrough in BCC immunotherapy.ConclusionsImmunotherapies have shown efficacy in clinical studies. In the future, more multicenter studies with large samples are needed to further explore the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy for BCC.

Dataset Information

Efficacy and clinical monitoring strategies for immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted cytokine immunotherapy for locally advanced and metastatic colorectal cancer.

Publications

Efficacy and clinical monitoring strategies for immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted cytokine immunotherapy for locally advanced and metastatic colorectal cancer.

Similar Datasets

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