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Small-molecule ionic liquid-based adhesive with strong room-temperature adhesion promoted by electrostatic interaction.

ABSTRACT: Low-molecular-weight adhesives (LMWAs) possess many unique features compared to polymer adhesives. However, fabricating LMWAs with adhesion strengths higher than those of polymeric materials is a significant challenge, mainly because of the relatively weak and unbalanced cohesion and interfacial adhesion. Herein, an ionic liquid (IL)-based adhesive with high adhesion strength is demonstrated by introducing an IL moiety into a Y-shaped molecule replete with hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) interactions. The IL moieties not only destroyed the rigid and ordered H-bonding networks, releasing more free groups to form hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) at the substrate/adhesive interface, but also provided electrostatic interactions that improved the cohesion energy. The synthesized IL-based adhesive, Tri-HT, could directly form thin coatings on various substrates, with high adhesion strengths of up to 12.20 MPa. Advanced adhesives with electrical conductivity, self-healing behavior, and electrically-controlled adhesion could also be fabricated by combining Tri-HT with carbon nanotubes.

SUBMITTER: Zhang J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9445047 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Small-molecule ionic liquid-based adhesive with strong room-temperature adhesion promoted by electrostatic interaction.

Zhang Jun J Wang Wenxiang W Zhang Yan Y Wei Qiang Q Han Fei F Dong Shengyi S Liu Dongqing D Zhang Shiguo S

Nature communications 20220905 1

Low-molecular-weight adhesives (LMWAs) possess many unique features compared to polymer adhesives. However, fabricating LMWAs with adhesion strengths higher than those of polymeric materials is a significant challenge, mainly because of the relatively weak and unbalanced cohesion and interfacial adhesion. Herein, an ionic liquid (IL)-based adhesive with high adhesion strength is demonstrated by introducing an IL moiety into a Y-shaped molecule replete with hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) interactio ...[more]

PMID: 36064871

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Project description:The role that interfaces play in the dynamics of liquids is a fundamental scientific problem with vast importance in technological applications. From material science to biology, e.g., batteries to cell membranes, liquid properties at interfaces are frequently determinant in the nature of chemical processes. For most liquids, like water, the influence of an interface falls off on a ∼1 nm distance scale. Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are a vast class of unusual liquids composed of complex cations and anions that are liquid salts at room temperature. They are unusual liquids with properties that can be finely tuned by selecting the structure of the cation and anion. RTILs are being used or developed in applications such as batteries, CO2 capture, and liquids for biological processes. Here, it is demonstrated quantitatively that the influence of an interface on RTIL properties is profoundly different from that observed in other classes of liquids. The dynamics of planar thin films of the room temperature ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BmimNTf2), were investigated using two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2D IR) with the CN stretch of SeCN- as the vibrational probe. The structural dynamics (spectral diffusion) of the thin films with controlled nanometer thicknesses were measured and compared to the dynamics of the bulk liquid. The samples were prepared by spin coating the RTIL, together with the vibrational probe, onto a surface functionalized with an ionic monolayer that mimics the structure of the BmimNTf2. Near-Brewster's angle reflection pump-probe geometry 2D IR facilitated the detection of the exceedingly small signals from the films, some of which were only 14 nm thick. Even in quarter micron (250 nm) thick films, the observed dynamics were much slower than those of the bulk liquid. Using a new theoretical description, the correlation length (exponential falloff of the influence of the interfaces) was found to be 28 ± 5 nm. This very long correlation length, ∼30 times greater than that of water, has major implications for the use of RTILs in devices and other applications.

Project description:We consider the adhesive interaction energy between a pair of vesicles in the strong adhesion limit, in which bending forces play a negligible role in determining vesicle shape compared to forces due to membrane stretching. Although force−distance or energy−distance relationships characterizing adhesive interactions between fluid bilayers are routinely measured using the surface forces apparatus, the atomic force microscope, and the biomembrane force probe, the interacting bilayers in these methods are supported on surfaces (e.g., mica sheet) and cannot be deformed. However, it is known that, in a suspension, vesicles composed of the same bilayer can deform by stretching or bending, and can also undergo changes in volume. Adhesively interacting vesicles can thus form flat regions in the contact zone, which will result in an enhanced interaction energy as compared to rigid vesicles. The focus of this paper is to examine the magnitude of the interaction energy between adhesively interacting, deformed vesicles relative to free, undeformed vesicles as a function of the intervesicle separation. The modification of the intervesicle interaction energy due to vesicle deformability can be calculated knowing the undeformed radius of the vesicles, R0, the bending modulus, k(b), the area expansion modulus, k(a), and the adhesive minimum, W(P)(0), and separation, D(P)(0), in the energy of interaction between two flat bilayers, which can be obtained from the force−distance measurements made using the above supported-bilayer methods. For vesicles with constant volumes, we show that adhesive potentials between nondeforming bilayers such as |W(P)(0)| 5 × 10(−4) mJ/m2, which are ordinarily considered weak in the colloidal physics literature, can result in significantly deep (>10×) energy minima due to increase in vesicle area and flattening in the contact region. If the osmotic expulsion of water across the vesicles driven by the tense, stretched membrane in the presence of an osmotically active solute is also taken into account, the vesicles can undergo additional deformation (flattening), which further enhances the adhesive interaction between them. Finally, equilibration of ions and solutes due to the concentration differences created by the osmotic exchange of water can lead to further enhancement of the adhesion energy. Our result of the progressively increasing adhesive interaction energy between vesicles in the above regimes could explain why suspensions of very weakly attractive vesicles may undergo flocculation and eventual instability due to separation of vesicles from the suspending fluid by gravity. The possibility of such an instability is an extremely important issue for concentrated vesicle-based products and applications such as fabric softeners, hair therapeutics and drug delivery.

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Small-molecule ionic liquid-based adhesive with strong room-temperature adhesion promoted by electrostatic interaction.

Publications

Small-molecule ionic liquid-based adhesive with strong room-temperature adhesion promoted by electrostatic interaction.

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