Dataset Information

Salmonella enterica serovar Brandenburg abortions in dairy cattle.

ABSTRACT: Two separate late-term abortion outbreaks in Jersey heifers in July 2020 and December 2020 were investigated by the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. We evaluated 3 whole fetuses and 11 sets of fresh and formalin-fixed fetal tissues during the course of the outbreaks. The late-term abortions were first identified at a heifer development site and subsequently observed at the dairy farm. Aborted fetuses had moderate-to-marked postmortem autolysis with no gross lesions identified. Observed clinical signs in cows at the dairy farm ranged from intermittent loose stools to acute post-abortion pyrexia and reduced feed intake. Routine histopathology and reproductive bacterial culture revealed acute, suppurative placentitis with moderate-to-heavy growth of Salmonella spp. group B from stomach contents, liver, placenta, and heifer fecal contents. Serotyping identified Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Brandenburg in all 14 fresh tissue cases, as well as individual and pooled heifer feces. Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed that all isolates belonged to ST type 873 and possessed typhoid toxin genes, several fimbrial gene clusters, type III secretion system genes, and several pathogenicity islands. Abortions caused by Salmonella Brandenburg have not been reported previously in dairy cattle in the United States, to our knowledge.

SUBMITTER: Siepker CL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9446288 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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<i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Brandenburg abortions in dairy cattle.

Siepker Christopher L CL Schwartz Kent J KJ Feldhacker Tyler J TJ Magstadt Drew R DR Sahin Orhan O Almeida Marcelo M Li Ganwu G Hayman Kristin P KP Gorden Patrick J PJ

Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc 20220627 5

Two separate late-term abortion outbreaks in Jersey heifers in July 2020 and December 2020 were investigated by the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. We evaluated 3 whole fetuses and 11 sets of fresh and formalin-fixed fetal tissues during the course of the outbreaks. The late-term abortions were first identified at a heifer development site and subsequently observed at the dairy farm. Aborted fetuses had moderate-to-marked postmortem autolysis with no gross lesions identif ...[more]

PMID: 35762117

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Project description:Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin is a cattle-adapted serovar that causes enteritis and systemic diseases in animals. In Germany, S. Dublin is not detected or is very rarely detected in some federal states but is endemic in certain regions. Information on detailed genetic characteristics of S. Dublin is not available. An understanding of the paths and spreading of S. Dublin within and between regions and over time is essential to establish effective control strategies. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatic analysis were used to explore the genetic traits of S. Dublin and to determine their epidemiological context. Seventy-four S. Dublin strains collected in 2005 to 2018 from 10 federal states were studied. The phylogeny was analyzed using core-genome single-nucleotide polymorphisms (cgSNPs) and core-genome multilocus sequence typing. Genomic clusters at 100 cgSNPs, 40 cgSNPs, and 15 cgSNPs were selected for molecular epidemiology. WGS-based genoserotyping confirmed serotyping. Important specific virulence determinants were detected in all strains, but multidrug resistance in German S. Dublin organisms is uncommon. Use of different thresholds for cgSNP analysis enabled a broad view and also a detailed view of the occurrence of S. Dublin in Germany. Genomic clusters could be allocated nationwide, to a limited number of federal states, or to special regions only. Results indicate both persistence and spread of S. Dublin within and between federal states in short and longer time periods. However, to detect possible routes of infection or persistence of S. Dublin indicated by genomic analysis, information on the management of the cattle farms and contacts with corresponding farms are essential. IMPORTANCE Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin is a bovine host-adapted serovar that causes up to 50% of all registered outbreaks of salmonellosis in cattle in Germany. S. Dublin is not detected or is only rarely detected in some federal states but has been endemic in certain regions of the country for a long time. Information on genetic traits of the causative strains is essential to determine routes of infection. WGS and bioinformatic analysis should be used to explore the genetic characteristics of S. Dublin. Combining the genomic features of S. Dublin strains with information on the management of the cattle farms concerned should enable the detection of possible routes of infection or persistence of S. Dublin. This approach is regarded as a prerequisite to developing effective intervention strategies.

Project description:BackgroundTyphoid fever is an acute systemic infection of humans caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi). In chronic carriers, the bacteria survive the harsh environment of the gallbladder by producing biofilm. The phenotype of S. Typhi biofilm cells is significantly different from the free-swimming planktonic cells, and studies have shown that they are associated with antibiotic resistance, immune system evasion, and bacterial persistence. However, the mechanism of this transition and the events leading to biofilm formation are unknown. High throughput sequencing was performed to identify the genes involved in biofilm formation and to postulate the mechanism of action.ResultsPlanktonic S. Typhi cells were cultured using standard nutrient broth whereas biofilm cells were cultured in a stressful environment using high shearing-force and bile to mimic the gallbladder. Sequencing libraries were prepared from S. Typhi planktonic cells and mature biofilm cells using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform, and the transcriptome data obtained were processed using Cufflinks bioinformatics suite of programs to investigate differential gene expression between the two phenotypes. A total of 35 up-regulated and 29 down-regulated genes were identified. The identities of the differentially expressed genes were confirmed using NCBI BLAST and their functions were analyzed. The results showed that the genes associated with metabolic processes and biofilm regulations were down-regulated while those associated with the membrane matrix and antibiotic resistance were highly up-regulated.ConclusionsIt is proposed that the biofilm phenotype of S. Typhi allows the bacteria to increase production of the membrane matrix in order to serve as a physical shield and to adhere to surfaces, and enter an energy conservation state in response to the stressful environment. Conversely, the planktonic phenotype allows the bacteria to produce flagella and increase metabolic activity to enable the bacteria to migrate and form new colonies of infection. This data provide a basis for further studies to uncover the mechanism of biofilm formation in S. Typhi and to discover novel genes or pathways associated with the development of the typhoid carrier state.

Dataset Information

Salmonella enterica serovar Brandenburg abortions in dairy cattle.

Publications

<i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Brandenburg abortions in dairy cattle.

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