Adipokines, and not vitamin D, associate with antibody immune responses following dual BNT162b2 vaccination within individuals younger than 60 years.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Pavel-Tanasa M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9481237 | biostudies-literature | 2022
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Adipokines, and not vitamin D, associate with antibody immune responses following dual BNT162b2 vaccination within individuals younger than 60 years.
Pavel-Tanasa Mariana M Constantinescu Daniela D Cianga Corina Maria CM Anisie Ecaterina E Mereuta Ana Irina AI Tuchilus Cristina Gabriela CG Cianga Petru P
Frontiers in immunology 20220902
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to a global health outbreak known as the COVID-19 pandemic which has been lasting since March 2020. Vaccine became accessible to people only at the beginning of 2021 which greatly helped reducing the mortality rate and severity of COVID-19 infection afterwards. The efficacy of vaccines was not fully known and studies documenting the immune responses following vaccination are continuing to emerge. Recent evidence indicate that natur ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundProximal humerus fractures (PHFs) occur most commonly in an elderly and osteoporotic population, but a considerable proportion of these injuries occur in relatively younger individuals. Differences in treatment principles and outcomes in this younger population remain poorly understood. The purpose of this review was to characterize the treatment algorithms and outcomes for patients less than or equal to 60 years of age with PHFs.MethodsA comprehensive search of the Medline, Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for articles published between January 2005 and December 2020 was performed in January 2021. Levels of evidence I-IV analyzing outcomes (patient reported outcomes and/or complications) following PHFs in adult patients less than or equal to 60 years of age were included. The search was carried out in accordance with the preferred reported items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. The risk of bias 2 tool and methodological index for nonrandomized studies score were utilized to evaluate included studies.ResultsFourteen studies met the inclusion criteria (open reduction internal fixation: 5, intramedullary nail: 4, hemiarthroplasty: 2, nonoperative: 1, and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA): 1). Seven studies reported differences in outcomes between younger and older patient populations, with three studies noting separate management algorithms for those 60 years of age or younger. There were no studies comparing different treatments modalities in those less than 60 years of age, and the lone study on RTSA did not include patient-reported outcomes.ConclusionTreatment algorithms and outcomes following PHFs in patients less than or equal to 60 years of age are distinctly different from that of a more elderly population. However, evidence-based treatment recommendations for this younger population are limited by the lack of studies comparing treatment modalities and the absence of patient-reported outcomes for individuals undergoing RTSA.
| S-EPMC10426625 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceThe risk of myocarditis or pericarditis after COVID-19 messenger RNA vaccines varies by age and sex, and there is some evidence to suggest increasing risk with shorter intervals between dose 1 and 2 (ie, interdose interval).ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of reported myocarditis or pericarditis after BNT162b2 vaccine among adolescents and to describe the clinical information associated with these events.Design, setting, and participantsThis was a population-based cohort study using passive vaccine safety surveillance data linked to the provincial COVID-19 vaccine registry. Included in the study were all adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in Ontario, Canada, who received 1 or more doses of BNT162b2 vaccine between December 14, 2020, and November 21, 2021, and reported an episode of myocarditis or pericarditis. Data were analyzed from December 15, 2021, to April 22, 2022.ExposureReceipt of BNT162b2 (Comirnaty [Pfizer-BioNTech]) vaccine.Main outcomes and measureReported incidence of myocarditis or pericarditis meeting level 1 to 3 of the Brighton Collaboration case definition per 100 000 doses of BNT162b2 administered by age group (12-15 years vs 16-17 years), sex, dose number, and interdose interval. All clinical information associated with symptoms, health care usage, diagnostic test results, and treatment at the time of the acute event were summarized.ResultsThere were approximately 1.65 million doses of BNT162b2 administered and 77 reports of myocarditis or pericarditis among those aged 12 to 17 years, which met the inclusion criteria during the study period. Of the 77 adolescents (mean [SD] age, 15.0 [1.7] years; 63 male individuals [81.8%]), 51 (66.2%) developed myocarditis or pericarditis after dose 2 of BNT162b2. Overall, 74 individuals (96.1%) with an event were assessed in the emergency department, and 34 (44.2%) were hospitalized (median [IQR] length of stay, 1 [1-2] day). The majority of adolescents (57 [74.0%]) were treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs only, and 11 (14.3%) required no treatment. The highest reported incidence was observed among male adolescents aged 16 to 17 years after dose 2 (15.7 per 100 000; 95% CI, 9.7-23.9). Among those aged 16 to 17 years, the reporting rate was highest in those with a short (ie, ≤30 days) interdose interval (21.3 per 100 000; 95% CI, 11.0-37.2).Conclusions and relevanceResults of this cohort study suggest that there was variation in the reported incidence of myocarditis or pericarditis after BNT162b2 vaccine among adolescent age groups. However, the risk of these events after vaccination remains very rare and should be considered in relation to the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination.
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Project description:The pretreatment karyotype of leukemic blasts is currently the key determinant in therapy decision-making in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, approximately fifty percent of AML patients, often carrying a normal karyotype, are currently unclassifiable based these established methods. Gene expression profiling has proven to be valuable for risk stratification of AML. The gene expression profiles of AML samples of two independent cohorts (n=247 and n=214) were determined using Affymetrix U133Plus2.0 GeneChips: all Samples (starting with 'amlrrays 2') below 4000 are in the training cohort; all Samples higher than 4000 are in the validation cohort. Data analyses were carried out to discover and predict prognostically relevant subtypes in AML (<60 years) based on their gene expression signatures. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the prognostic significance of cases of AML with specific molecular signatures. Unsupervised cluster analyses of the gene expression signatures of both independent cohorts of AML patients confirmed that chromosomal lesions and mutations, often resulting in aberrant transcription factors, induce discriminatory patterns of gene expression. In contrast, however, mutations in signalling molecules do not establish strong molecular signatures. Consequently, prognostically important subtypes, which express mutated trancription factors were predicted with high accuracy using minimal sets of genes. We identified several novel clusters, some consisting of patients with normal karyotypes. Gene expression profiling allows classification of AML subtypes characterized by the expression of abnormal transcription factors, however, prediction of clinically relevant mutations affecting signalling molecules is impossible and thus still requires addition molecular methods. Experiment Overall Design: 461 blood or bone marrow samples of acute myeloid leukemia patients were hybridized to Affymetrix HG-U133 plus 2 GeneChips.
2008-04-05 | E-GEOD-6891 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8528470 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSafe and effective vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) are urgently needed in young children.MethodsWe conducted a phase 1 dose-finding study and are conducting an ongoing phase 2-3 safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy trial of the BNT162b2 vaccine in healthy children 6 months to 11 years of age. We present results for children 6 months to less than 2 years of age and those 2 to 4 years of age through the data-cutoff dates (April 29, 2022, for safety and immunogenicity and June 17, 2022, for efficacy). In the phase 2-3 trial, participants were randomly assigned (in a 2:1 ratio) to receive two 3-μg doses of BNT162b2 or placebo. On the basis of preliminary immunogenicity results, a third 3-μg dose (≥8 weeks after dose 2) was administered starting in January 2022, which coincided with the emergence of the B.1.1.529 (omicron) variant. Immune responses at 1 month after doses 2 and 3 in children 6 months to less than 2 years of age and those 2 to 4 years of age were immunologically bridged to responses after dose 2 in persons 16 to 25 years of age who received 30 μg of BNT162b2 in the pivotal trial.ResultsDuring the phase 1 dose-finding study, two doses of BNT162b2 were administered 21 days apart to 16 children 6 months to less than 2 years of age (3-μg dose) and 48 children 2 to 4 years of age (3-μg or 10-μg dose). The 3-μg dose level was selected for the phase 2-3 trial; 1178 children 6 months to less than 2 years of age and 1835 children 2 to 4 years of age received BNT162b2, and 598 and 915, respectively, received placebo. Immunobridging success criteria for the geometric mean ratio and seroresponse at 1 month after dose 3 were met in both age groups. BNT162b2 reactogenicity events were mostly mild to moderate, with no grade 4 events. Low, similar incidences of fever were reported after receipt of BNT162b2 (7% among children 6 months to <2 years of age and 5% among those 2 to 4 years of age) and placebo (6 to 7% among children 6 months to <2 years of age and 4 to 5% among those 2 to 4 years of age). The observed overall vaccine efficacy against symptomatic Covid-19 in children 6 months to 4 years of age was 73.2% (95% confidence interval, 43.8 to 87.6) from 7 days after dose 3 (on the basis of 34 cases).ConclusionsA three-dose primary series of 3-μg BNT162b2 was safe, immunogenic, and efficacious in children 6 months to 4 years of age. (Funded by BioNTech and Pfizer; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04816643.).
| S-EPMC9947923 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines have been recommended for US adults aged ≥60 years for nearly one year. However, the extent of vaccination coverage and the factors influencing uptake remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate national and state-specific RSV vaccination coverage among US adults aged ≥60 years and to identify demographic and socioeconomic factors that influence vaccination uptake.MethodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed data from the US Census Household Pulse Survey, from January 9 to March 4, 2024, which included 49,322 adults aged ≥60 years. Participants self-reported their RSV vaccination status along with demographic and socioeconomic information. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with vaccination uptake.ResultsAs of March 4, 2024, RSV vaccination coverage among US adults aged ≥60 years was estimated at 22.2% (95% CI, 21.6%-22.7%). State-specific vaccination coverage ranged from 12.4% in Mississippi to 33.1% in Colorado. Coverage was higher in older age groups, with 21.2% among those aged 65-69 years, 28.1% among 70-74 years, 31.9% among 75-79 years, and 30.2% among those aged ≥80 years, compared to 10.8% among those aged 60-64 years. Racial/ethnicity disparities were evident, with lower coverage among Hispanics (18.3%) and non-Hispanic Blacks (17.6%) compared to non-Hispanic Whites (23.3%). Coverage was similar between males (22.6%) and females (21.8%). Factors positively associated with vaccination included older age, higher education level, higher household income, unemployment, and residing in the Midwest or West. Conversely, being non-Hispanic Black, uninsured, experiencing financial difficulties, and lack of COVID-19 vaccination were associated with reduced likelihood of receiving the RSV vaccine.ConclusionsDuring the first RSV season after the recommendations for RSV vaccination in US adults aged ≥60 years, uptake shows promise but is marked by significant disparities related to race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographic location. Efforts to address these disparities are crucial to enhance vaccination coverage and reduce the impact of RSV on this vulnerable population.
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| S-EPMC8466314 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We aimed to investigate the type and frequency of adverse events over 7 days following the first and second BNT162b2 vaccination. This observational and historical cohort study included patients aged 5-11 years who received two doses of BNT162b2 and provided consent along with their guardians. We collected data on sex, age, height, weight, blood type, history of Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination, allergic disease, medication, history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and adverse reactions 7 days following the first and second BNT162b2 vaccination using a questionnaire. Our results were compared with previously reported results for individuals aged 12-15 years. A total of 421 participants were eligible for this study. Among the 216 patients with allergic disease, 48 (22.2%) had experienced worsening of their chronic diseases, and the frequency of fatigue and dizziness after the second dose was higher than that of healthy individuals. The experience of systemic adverse reactions was associated with asthma. The frequency of headache, diarrhea, fatigue, muscle/joint pain, and fever after the second BNT162b2 vaccination was lower in individuals aged 5-11 years than in those aged 12-15 years. Fever was the only systemic adverse reaction that lasted longer than 5 days (1.0% of participants).ConclusionsIndividuals with allergic diseases, who are potentially susceptible to COVID-19, may experience worsening of their chronic diseases and more frequent adverse reactions after BNT162b2 vaccination than healthy individuals. To ensure that children with allergic diseases receive the vaccine safely, further information needs to be collected.What is known• Adverse reactions after BNT162b2 vaccination among individuals aged 5-11 years are generally nonserious, more common after second vaccination, and substantially less common compared to those observed among individuals aged 12-15 years.What is new• Individuals with allergic diseases experienced worsening of their chronic diseases and more frequent adverse reactions after BNT162b2 vaccination than healthy individuals. • Systemic adverse reactions were associated with asthma. Fever was the only systemic adverse reaction that lasted longer than 5 days.
| S-EPMC9556290 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceA growing body of literature suggests the presence of a prodromal period with nonspecific signs and symptoms before onset of multiple sclerosis (MS).ObjectiveTo systematically assess diseases and symptoms diagnosed in the 5 years before a first MS- or central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease-related diagnostic code in pediatric patients compared with controls without MS and controls with another immune-mediated disorder, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Design, setting, and participantsThis population-based, matched case-control study included children and adolescents (aged <18 years) in Germany with statutory health insurance from January 2010 to December 2020. The study population consisted of 3 groups: case individuals with MS, control individuals without MS, and control individuals with JIA. Data were analyzed from November 2023 to April 2024.ExposuresDiagnoses coded according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, German Modification (ICD-10-GM).Main outcome and measuresThe main outcome was incident cases of MS, defined as the first confirmed diagnosis of MS (ICD-10-GM code G35) in 1 quarter between 2013 and 2020 and at least 1 additional diagnosis in the following quarters. In total, 163 ICD-10-GM codes before a first MS diagnosis were assessed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe study population consisted of 1091 children and adolescents with MS, 10 910 without MS, and 1068 with JIA. Of the children and adolescents with MS, 788 (72.2%) were female. Mean (SD) age at disease diagnosis was 15.7 (1.7) years. Nine ICD-10-GM codes were present more frequently among children and adolescents with MS in the 5 years before their first MS diagnosis than among controls without MS: obesity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.70; 95% CI, 1.42-2.02), disorders of eye refraction and accommodation (AOR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.09-1.47), visual disturbances (AOR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.10-1.55), gastritis and duodenitis (AOR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.08-1.70), patella disorders (AOR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.13-1.90), heartbeat abnormalities (AOR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.27-2.96), flatulence (AOR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.01-2.01), skin sensation disturbances (AOR, 12.93; 95% CI, 8.98-18.62), as well as dizziness and giddiness (AOR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.22-1.89). Four of these ICD-10-GM codes were significantly more prevalent in children and adolescents with MS than in controls with JIA: obesity (AOR, 3.19; 95% CI, 2.03-5.02), refraction and accommodation disorders (AOR, 3.08; 95% CI, 2.33-4.08), visual disturbances (AOR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.13-2.33), and skin sensation disturbances (AOR, 27.70; 95% CI, 6.52-117.64).Conclusions and relevanceIn this population-based, matched case-control study, children and adolescents with MS had diverse metabolic, ocular, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular symptoms, signs, or diagnoses within 5 years before their first MS diagnosis. Better characterization of early symptoms and/or risk factors, comorbid disorders, and possible prodromal features of MS may have considerable implications for early recognition and subsequent progression of the disease.
| S-EPMC11681376 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundGrowth in aging of the population has led to increasing numbers of elderly people presenting cognitive impairment and evolution to dementia. There is still no consensus within primary care on the best strategy for screening for cognitive impairment among elderly people. Standardization of a simple but reasonably accurate instrument for a brief cognitive test, in primary care environments, would enable healthcare professionals to identify individuals who require a more in-depth assessment of cognition.ObjectivesTo investigate the instruments used by healthcare professionals in studies conducted worldwide and ascertain the most suitable instruments for screening for cognitive impairment among individuals aged 60 years or over, in the Brazilian population.Design and settingScoping review developed at Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Brazil.MethodA systematic search of the literature was conducted for primary studies using instruments to screen for cognitive impairment among individuals aged 60 years or over, in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central and LILACS databases.ResultsA total of 983 articles were identified by two independent reviewers, from which 49 were selected for full-text reading, based on the criteria defined for this review. From this, 16 articles adhering to the theme of screening for cognitive impairment among the elderly were selected for in-depth analysis.ConclusionThe Mini-Mental State Examination was the instrument most cited in these studies. The Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire and the Verbal Fluency Test (semantic category) present characteristics favoring further studies, for testing as screening instruments for cognitive impairment among elderly people in Brazil.
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