Dataset Information

Adherence to mediterranean diet and the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer in a European cohort: The EPIC study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been proposed as a healthy diet with a potential to lower the incidence of several types of cancer, but there is no data regarding thyroid cancer (TC). We investigated the association between MD adherence, and its components, and the differentiated TC risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.

Methods

Over 450,000 men and women from nine European countries were followed up for a mean of 14.1 years, during which 712 differentiated TC cases were identified. Adherence to MD was estimated using the relative MD (rMED) score, an 18-point scale including alcohol, and the adapted rMED (arMED) score, a 16-point scale excluding alcohol. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors.

Results

Adherence to the arMED score was not associated with the risk of differentiated TC (HR_{high vs. low adherence} = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.70-1.25; p-trend 0.27), while a suggestive, but non-statistically significant inverse relationship was observed with rMED (HR_{high vs. low adherence} = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.68-1.14; p-trend 0.17). Low meat (HR_{low vs. high meat intake} = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67-0.99; p-trend = 0.04) and moderate alcohol (HR_{moderate vs. non-moderate intake} = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.75-1.03) intake were related with lower differentiated TC risk.

Conclusions

Our study shows that a high adherence to MD is not strongly related to differentiated TC risk, although further research is required to confirm the impact of MD and, especially, meat intake in TC risk.

SUBMITTER: Llaha F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9481277 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Adherence to mediterranean diet and the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer in a European cohort: The EPIC study.

Llaha Fjorida F Cayssials Valerie V Farràs Marta M Agudo Antonio A Sandström Maria M Eriksen Anne Kirstine AK Tjønneland Anne A Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine MC Laouali Nasser N Truong Thérèse T Le Cornet Charlotte C Katzke Verena V Schulze Matthias M Palli Domenico D Krogh Vittorio V Signoriello Simona S Tumino Rosario R Ricceri Fulvio F Skeie Guri G Jensen Torill Miriam Enget TME Chen Sairah Lai Fa SLF Lasheras Cristina C Rodriguez-Barranco Miguel M Amiano Pilar P Huerta José María JM Guevara Marcela M Almquist Martin M Nilson Lena Maria LM Hennings Joakim J Papier Keren K Heath Alicia A Weiderpass Elisabete E Rinaldi Sabina S Zamora-Ros Raul R

Frontiers in nutrition 20220902

<h4>Background</h4>The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been proposed as a healthy diet with a potential to lower the incidence of several types of cancer, but there is no data regarding thyroid cancer (TC). We investigated the association between MD adherence, and its components, and the differentiated TC risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.<h4>Methods</h4>Over 450,000 men and women from nine European countries were followed up for a mean of 14. ...[more]

PMID: 36118743

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Project description:ImportanceAdherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) has been associated with a lower incidence of cancer and reduced weight gain. These associations suggest a potential role for the MedDiet in lowering the risk of obesity-related cancers (ORCs). Obesity is a known risk factor for various cancers and shows an inverse association with MedDiet adherence.ObjectiveTo examine the association between adherence to the MedDiet and the risk of ORCs, considering the possible mediating role of adiposity.Design, setting, and participantsThis prospective cohort study analyzed data from the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, which enrolled participants aged 35 to 70 years from 1992 to 2000 across 23 centers in 10 countries. The data analysis was conducted from March 1 to May 31, 2023.ExposuresDietary intake before baseline was evaluated using country-specific, validated questionnaires administered at recruitment. Adherence to the MedDiet was scored on a 9-point scale and categorized as low (0-3 points), medium (4-6 points), or high (7-9 points).Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was the incidence of ORCs, classified according to the 2015 International Agency for Research on Cancer criteria. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association between MedDiet adherence and ORC incidence. Mediation analyses were conducted to evaluate the role of waist to hip ratio and body mass index in this association.ResultsA total of 450 111 participants were included in the study (mean [SD] age, 51.1 [9.8] years; 70.8% women) and followed up during a median (IQR) time of 14.9 (4.1) years. Among participants, 4.9% experienced an ORC (rates, 0.053, 0.049, and 0.043 per person-year in the low, medium, and high MedDiet adherence groups, respectively). Participants with high adherence to the MedDiet (7-9 points) had a lower risk of ORC compared with those with low adherence (0-3 points) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90-0.98). A similar inverse association was observed for participants with medium adherence (4-6 points vs 0-3 points). However, mediation analyses did not show associations of waist to hip ratio or body mass index between MedDiet adherence and ORC risk.Conclusions and relevanceThese findings indicate that higher adherence to the MedDiet is associated with a modest reduction in the risk of ORCs, independent of adiposity measures. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms by which the MedDiet may contribute to cancer prevention.

Project description:BackgroundThe Mediterranean diet has been associated with lower risk of breast cancer (BC) but evidence from prospective studies on the role of Mediterranean diet on BC survival remains sparse and conflicting. We aimed to investigate whether adherence to Mediterranean diet prior to diagnosis is associated with overall and BC-specific mortality.MethodsA total of 13,270 incident breast cancer cases were identified from an initial sample of 318,686 women in 9 countries from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Adherence to Mediterranean diet was estimated through the adapted relative Mediterranean diet (arMED), a 16-point score that includes 8 key components of the Mediterranean diet and excludes alcohol. The degree of adherence to arMED was classified as low (score 0-5), medium (score 6-8), and high (score 9-16). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the association between the arMED score and overall mortality, and Fine-Gray competing risks models were applied for BC-specific mortality.ResultsAfter a mean follow-up of 8.6 years from diagnosis, 2340 women died, including 1475 from breast cancer. Among all BC survivors, low compared to medium adherence to arMED score was associated with a 13% higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.13, 95%CI 1.01-1.26). High compared to medium adherence to arMED showed a non-statistically significant association (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.84-1.05). With no statistically significant departures from linearity, on a continuous scale, a 3-unit increase in the arMED score was associated with an 8% reduced risk of overall mortality (HR3-unit 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87-0.97). This result sustained when restricted to postmenopausal women and was stronger among metastatic BC cases (HR3-unit 0.81, 95% CI: 0.72-0.91).ConclusionsConsuming a Mediterranean diet before BC diagnosis may improve long-term prognosis, particularly after menopause and in cases of metastatic breast cancer. Well-designed dietary interventions are needed to confirm these findings and define specific dietary recommendations.

Dataset Information

Adherence to mediterranean diet and the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer in a European cohort: The EPIC study.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Adherence to mediterranean diet and the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer in a European cohort: The EPIC study.

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