Dataset Information

Disparities in curative treatments and outcomes for early stage intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Curative surgical treatments afford the best prognosis for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA); however, the comparative effectiveness of treatment options and factors associated with curative treatment receipt for early stage iCCA remain unknown.

Methods

The authors identified patients who were diagnosed with early stage iCCA, defined as a unifocal tumor <3 cm, during 2004-2018 from the National Cancer Database. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with curative treatment and overall survival (OS), respectively.

Results

The proportion of patients with early stage iCCA increased from 4.5% in 2004 to 7.3% in 2018, with the odds of early stage detection increasing by 3.1% per year (odds ratio [OR], 1.031; 95% CI, 1.015-1.049). Of 1093 patients who had early stage iCCA, 464 (42.5%) underwent resection, 113 (10.3%) underwent ablation, 62 (5.7%) underwent liver transplantation, and 454 (41.5%) received noncurative treatments. Hispanic patients (adjusted OR [aOR], 0.57; 95% CI, 0.33-0.97) and Black patients (aOR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.28-0.77) were less likely to receive curative treatments than White patients. Compared with patients who underwent surgical resection, those who underwent liver transplantation had a trend toward improved OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.63; 95% CI, 0.37-1.08), whereas those who underwent local ablation (aHR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.01-1.92) and noncurative treatments (aHR, 3.97; 95% CI, 3.24-4.88) experienced worse OS.

Conclusions

More than one third of patients with early stage iCCA did not receive curative treatment, with Hispanic and Black patients being less likely to receive curative treatments than White patients. Surgical resection and liver transplantation were associated with improved survival compared with local ablation. Future studies should investigate disparities in curative treatment receipt and outcomes for early stage iCCA.

SUBMITTER: Lee YT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9530023 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Disparities in curative treatments and outcomes for early stage intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States.

Lee Yi-Te YT Singal Amit G AG Lauzon Marie M Agopian Vatche G VG Luu Michael M Noureddin Mazen M Todo Tsuyoshi T Kim Irene K IK Friedman Marc L ML Kosari Kambiz K Nissen Nicholas N NN Roberts Lewis R LR Heimbach Julie K JK Gores Gregory J GJ Yang Ju Dong JD

Cancer 20220823 20

<h4>Background</h4>Curative surgical treatments afford the best prognosis for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA); however, the comparative effectiveness of treatment options and factors associated with curative treatment receipt for early stage iCCA remain unknown.<h4>Methods</h4>The authors identified patients who were diagnosed with early stage iCCA, defined as a unifocal tumor <3 cm, during 2004-2018 from the National Cancer Database. Multivariable logistic and Cox regressio ...[more]

PMID: 35997126

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Project description:Early relapse after hepatectomy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has a tremendous influence on the long-term survival outcomes of ICC patients. The purpose of our study was to investigate risk factors for early tumor relapse and confirm whether early relapse was correlated with ICC patients' long-term survival outcomes. Three hundred and twenty-two consecutive ICC patients undergoing partial hepatectomy at Liver Surgery Department of Zhongshan Hospital (Fudan University, Shanghai, China) between January 2005 and December 2011 were included in this retrospectively study. The definition of early relapse had been described as tumor relapse within 24 months after hepatectomy in ICC patients. We identified a total of 168 ICC patients with early relapse and 23 ICC patients with late relapse after hepatectomy. From the time of relapse, the long-term survival outcomes were worse among patients who had early vs. late relapse (median OS 16.5 vs. 44.7 months, respectively; P < 0.0001). The overall survival of the early relapse group was lower than that of the late relapse group (P < 0.0001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that multiple tumors (hazard ratio [HR], 1.951; 95% CI, 1.382-2.755; P < 0.001), lymphonodus metastasis (HR, 1.517; 95% CI, 1.061-2.168; P = 0.022), and higher serum CA19-9 levels (HR, 1.495; 95% CI, 1.095-2.039; P = 0.011) were independent risk factors of early relapse. Moreover, multiple tumors (HR, 1.641; 95% CI, 1.120-2.406; P = 0.011), lymphonodus metastasis (HR, 2.008; 95% CI, 1.367-2.949; P < 0.001), elevated NLR (HR, 1.921; 95% CI, 1.331-2.774; P < 0.001) and higher serum CA19-9 levels (HR, 1.990; 95% CI, 1.409-2.812; P < 0.001) were independent predictors of overall survival for ICC patients with early relapse. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that multiple tumors, lymphonodus metastasis, and higher serum CA19-9 levels were associated with the increased risks of early relapse and worse prognoses of ICC after curative-intent resection.

Project description:ImportanceComposite measures may be superior to individual measures for the analysis of hospital performance and quality of surgical care.ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of a so-called textbook outcome, a composite measure of the quality of surgical care, among patients undergoing curative-intent resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study involved an analysis of a multinational, multi-institutional cohort of patient from 15 major hepatobiliary centers in North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia who underwent curative-intent resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma between 1993 and 2015. Data analysis was conducted from April 2018 to May 2018.Main outcomes and measuresHospital variation in the composite end point of textbook outcome, defined as negative margins, no perioperative transfusion, no postoperative surgical complications, no prolonged length of stay, no 30-day readmissions, and no 30-day mortality. Secondary end points were factors associated with achieving textbook outcomes.ResultsAmong 687 patients (of whom 370 [53.9%] were men; median patient age, 61 [range, 18-86] years) undergoing curative-intent resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, a textbook outcome was achieved in 175 patients (25.5%). Being 60 years or younger (odds ratio [OR], 1.61 [95% CI, 1.04-2.49]; P = .03), absence of preoperative jaundice (OR, 4.40 [95% CI, 1.28-15.15]; P = .02), no neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR, 2.57 [95% CI, 1.05-6.29]; P = .04), T1a/T1b-stage disease (OR, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.01-2.49]; P = .049), N0 status (OR, 3.89 [95% CI, 1.77-8.54]; P = .001), and no bile duct resection (OR, 2.46 [95% CI, 1.25-4.84]; P = .009) were independently associated with achieving a textbook outcome after resection. A prolonged length of stay had the greatest negative association with a textbook outcome. A nomogram to assess the probability of textbook outcome was developed and had good accuracy in both the training data set (area under the curve, 0.755) and validation data set (area under the curve, 0.763).Conclusions and relevanceIn this study, while hepatic resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was performed with less than 5% mortality in specialized centers, a textbook outcome was achieved in only approximately 26% of patients. A textbook outcome may be useful for the reporting of patient-level hospital performance and hospital variation, leading to quality improvement efforts after resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Project description:BackgroundSingle-institution studies have shown the oncologic benefit of ablative liver radiotherapy (A-RT) for patients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). However, adoption of A-RT across the United States and its associated outcomes are unknown.MethodsWe queried the National Cancer Data Base for nonsurgically managed patients with ICC diagnosed between 2004 and 2018. Patients were labeled A-RT for receipt of biologically effective doses (BED10 ) ≥ 80.5 Gy and conventional RT (Conv-RT) for lower doses. Associations with A-RT use and overall survival were identified using logistic and Cox regressions, respectively.ResultsOf 27,571 patients, the most common treatments were chemotherapy without liver RT (45%), no chemotherapy or liver RT (42%), and liver RT ± chemotherapy (13%). Use of liver RT remained constant over time. Of 1112 patients receiving liver RT with known doses, RT was 73% Conv-RT (median BED10 , 53 Gy; median, 20 fractions) and 27% A-RT (median BED10 , 100 Gy; median, 5 fractions). Use of A-RT increased from 5% in 2004 to 48% in 2018 (Ptrend < .001). With a median follow-up of 52.3 months, median survival estimates for Conv-RT and A-RT were 12.8 and 23.7 months (P < .001), respectively. On multivariable analysis, stage III and IV disease correlated with a higher risk of death, whereas chemotherapy and A-RT correlated with a lower risk.ConclusionsAlthough A-RT has been increasingly used, use of liver RT as a whole in the United States remained constant despite growing evidence supporting its use, suggesting continued unmet need. A-RT is associated with longer survival versus Conv-RT.Lay summaryBile duct cancer is a rare, deadly disease that often presents at advanced stages. Single-institution retrospective studies have demonstrated that use of high-dose radiotherapy may be associated with longer survival, but larger studies have not been conducted. We used a large, national cancer registry of patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2018 to show that liver radiotherapy use remains low in the United States, despite growing evidence that patients who receive it live longer. Furthermore, we showed that patients who received high-dose radiotherapy lived longer than those who received lower doses. Greater awareness of the benefits of liver radiotherapy is needed to improve patient outcomes.

Project description:Inflammation has a critical role in the development and progression of cancers. We developed a novel systemic inflammation score (SIS) based on lymphocyte, monocyte, and CA19-9 and explored its prognostic value in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). From January 2005 to December 2011, 322 consecutive ICC patients who underwent curative resection in our center were included in this study, and validated in a retrospective study of 126 patients enrolled from 2012 to 2014. Clinicopathological variables including preoperative serum CA19-9 and LMR were analyzed. The cutoff values of CA19-9 and LMR were determined based on receiver operating characteristics curve analysis in the primary cohort. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox-regression analyses were calculated for time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS). In univariate analysis of all patients, all three inflammatory and tumor marker including NLR ? 2.49 (P<0.001), LMR ? 4.45 (P=0.002), and CA19-9?89 (P<0.001) were associated with poor prognoses. When omitting SIS in multivariate analysis, preoperative LMR (P =0.006) and serum CA19-9 (P<0.001) were independent predictors of OS. In addition, elevated CA19-9 (P=0.001), multiple tumors (P<0.001), and lymph node metastasis (P<0.001) were significant predictors of worse recurrence free survival. Moreover, high SIS was significantly associated with aggressive tumor behaviours including large tumor size (P<0.001), multiple tumors (P=0.033), lymphonodus node metastasis (P=0.001), and high TNM stage (P<0.0001). Finally, univariate and multivariate analyses revealed the SIS was an independent predictor for TTR (HR=2.077, 95% CI, 1.365-3.162, P=0.001) and OS (HR=3.133 95% CI, 2.058-4.769, P<0.001). These results were further confirmed in the validation cohort. In conclusions, our findings demonstrate that the SIS as a potentially powerful prognostic biomarker in ICC that predicts poor clinical outcomes and is a promising tool for ICC treatment strategy decisions.

Dataset Information

Disparities in curative treatments and outcomes for early stage intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Disparities in curative treatments and outcomes for early stage intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States.

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