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Immune response and homeostasis mechanism following administration of BBIBP-CorV SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine.

ABSTRACT: The BBIBP-CorV severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inactivated vaccine has been authorized for emergency use and widely distributed. We used single-cell transcriptome sequencing to characterize the dynamics of immune responses to the BBIBP-CorV inactivated vaccine. In addition to the expected induction of humoral immunity, we found that the inactivated vaccine induced multiple, comprehensive immune responses, including significantly increased proportions of CD16⁺ monocytes and activation of monocyte antigen presentation pathways; T cell activation pathway upregulation in CD8⁺ T cells, along with increased activation of CD4⁺ T cells; significant enhancement of cell-cell communications between innate and adaptive immunity; and the induction of regulatory CD4⁺ T cells and co-inhibitory interactions to maintain immune homeostasis after vaccination. Additionally, comparative analysis revealed higher neutralizing antibody levels, distinct expansion of naive T cells, a shared increased proportion of regulatory CD4⁺ T cells, and upregulated expression of functional genes in booster dose recipients with a longer interval after the second vaccination. Our research will support a comprehensive understanding of the systemic immune responses elicited by the BBIBP-CorV inactivated vaccine, which will facilitate the formulation of better vaccination strategies and the design of new vaccines.

SUBMITTER: Yin J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9719934 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Immune response and homeostasis mechanism following administration of BBIBP-CorV SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine.

Yin Jianhua J Zhao Yingze Y Huang Fubaoqian F Yang Yunkai Y Huang Yaling Y Zhuang Zhenkun Z Wang Yanxia Y Wang Zhifeng Z Lin Xiumei X Zheng Yuhui Y Zhou Wenwen W Wang Shuo S Xu Ziqian Z Ye Beiwei B Guo Yaxin Y Lei Wenwen W Li Lei L Tian Jinmin J Gan Jinxian J Wang Hui H Wang Wei W Ma Peiyao P Liu Chang C Wei Xiaoyu X Shi Xuyang X Wang Zifei Z Wang Yang Y Liu Ying Y Yang Mingming M Yuan Yue Y Song Yumo Y Ma Wen W Huang Zhuoli Z Liu Ya Y Huang Yunting Y Lu Haorong H Liu Peipei P Liang Hao H Hou Yong Y Xu Xun X Liu Longqi L Zhang Yuntao Y Wu Guizhen G Gao George F GF Jin Xin X Liu Chuanyu C Yang Xiaoming X Liu William J WJ

Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) 20221205 1

The BBIBP-CorV severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inactivated vaccine has been authorized for emergency use and widely distributed. We used single-cell transcriptome sequencing to characterize the dynamics of immune responses to the BBIBP-CorV inactivated vaccine. In addition to the expected induction of humoral immunity, we found that the inactivated vaccine induced multiple, comprehensive immune responses, including significantly increased proportions of CD16<sup>+</s ...[more]

PMID: 36506806

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Project description:AimsSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-COV-2) infection may increase the risk of developing dangerous symptoms among the elderly with underlying medical conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine (Vero) in patients over 60 years of age with hypertension and/or diabetes.MethodsAn open-label, multi-center, prospective clinical trial was conducted at three medical sites in Fujian, China. Participants aged 60 years and above with hypertension, diabetes, and healthy controls were included in four groups: hypertension, diabetes, combined disease, and healthy controls. Volunteers received two doses of the inactivated SARS-COV-2 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV) on days 0 and 21. Adverse events were recorded for 21 days after each dose. Blood samples were taken before the first vaccination and 28 days after the second vaccination to detect the serum conversion rate and geometric mean titer (GMT) of neutralizing antibodies.ResultsA total of 480 participants (110 hypertension, 110 diabetes, 100 combined hypertension and diabetes, and 160 healthy controls) were recruited. The incidences of adverse events in the four groups were 10 (9.1%) in the hypertension group, 19 (17.3%) in the diabetes group, 11 (11.0%) in the combined disease group, and 11 (6.9%) in healthy controls, with no statistical significance (P > 0.05). At 28 days after the second vaccination, the positive conversion rates of serum neutralizing antibody in the four groups were 97.3%(107/110), 97.3% (107/110), 100.0% (99/99),and 98.7%(155/157), respectively, and the GMTs were 75.28 (95% CI 64.03-88.50), 69.4 (95% CI 59-81.63), 77.21 (95% CI 66.68-89.41), and 78.64 (95% CI 69.87-88.50), respectively. There was no significant difference in neutralizing antibody responses among the four groups (P > 0.05). Additionally, the GMT after immunization was higher in females than in males (OR = 2.59, 95% CI 1.31-5.12).ConclusionsThe BBIBP-CorV vaccine is safe and elicits an adequate antibody response in patients over 60 years of age with hypertension and/or diabetes.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT05065879.

Project description:Several observational studies have confirmed that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) might substantially affect the gastrointestinal (GI) system by replicating in human small intestine enterocytes. Yet, so far, no study has reported the effects of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccines on gut microbiota alterations. In this study, we examined the effects of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine (ChiCTR2000032459, sponsored by the Beijing Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm), on gut microbiota. Fecal samples were collected from individuals whoreceived two doses of intramuscular injection of BBIBP-CorV and matched unvaccinated controls. DNA extracted from fecal samples was subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing analysis. The composition and biological functions of the microbiota between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals were compared. Compared with unvaccinated controls, vaccinated subjects exhibited significantly reduced bacterial diversity, elevated firmicutes/bacteroidetes (F/B) ratios, a tendency towards Faecalibacterium-predominant enterotypes, and altered gut microbial compositions and functional potentials. Specifically, the intestinal microbiota in vaccine recipients was enriched with Faecalibacterium and Mollicutes and with a lower abundance of Prevotella, Enterococcus, Leuconostocaceae, and Weissella. Microbial function prediction by phylogenetic investigation of communities using reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) analysis further indicated that Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways involved in carbohydrate metabolism and transcription were positively associated with vaccine inoculation, whereas capacities in neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers were negatively affected by vaccines. Vaccine inoculation was particularly associated with gut microbiota alterations, as was demonstrated by the improved composition and functional capacities of gut microbiota.

Dataset Information

Immune response and homeostasis mechanism following administration of BBIBP-CorV SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine.

Publications

Immune response and homeostasis mechanism following administration of BBIBP-CorV SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine.

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