Dataset Information

Adolescent neighborhood disadvantage and memory performance in young adulthood.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we estimated the average causal effect of neighborhood disadvantage in adolescence on memory performance in young adulthood. We contrasted several different ways of operationalizing a continuous measure of neighborhood disadvantage including a continuous neighborhood disadvantage score and ordinal measures.

Results

Neighborhood disadvantage was measured in Wave I when participants were a mean age of 15.41 years (SE: 0.12) and memory performance was measured in Wave IV when participants were a mean age of 28.24 years (SE: 0.12). We found that adolescent neighborhood disadvantage was associated with decreased memory performance in young adulthood. Notably, we observed a linear decline in word recall score among those in the less disadvantaged tail of the distribution (neighborhood disadvantage <1), a finding not observed using traditional ordinal variable classifications of disadvantage.

Conclusion

Experiencing neighborhood disadvantage in adolescence may have lasting impacts on cognitive health throughout the life course.

SUBMITTER: Noppert GA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9721118 | biostudies-literature | 2022 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Adolescent neighborhood disadvantage and memory performance in young adulthood.

Noppert Grace A GA Martin Chantel L CL Zivich Paul N PN Aiello Allison E AE Harris Kathleen Mullan KM O'Rand Angela A

Health & place 20220331

<h4>Objective</h4>Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we estimated the average causal effect of neighborhood disadvantage in adolescence on memory performance in young adulthood. We contrasted several different ways of operationalizing a continuous measure of neighborhood disadvantage including a continuous neighborhood disadvantage score and ordinal measures.<h4>Results</h4>Neighborhood disadvantage was measured in Wave I when participants were a mean ...[more]

PMID: 35367864

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Project description:ImportanceDNA methylation has been proposed as an epigenetic mechanism by which the childhood neighborhood environment may have implications for the genome that compromise adult health.ObjectiveTo ascertain whether childhood neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with differences in DNA methylation by age 18 years.Design, setting, and participantsThis longitudinal cohort study analyzed data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally representative birth cohort of children born between 1994 and 1995 in England and Wales and followed up from age 5 to 18 years. Data analysis was performed from March 15, 2019, to June 30, 2019.ExposuresHigh-resolution neighborhood data (indexing deprivation, dilapidation, disconnection, and dangerousness) collected across childhood.Main outcomes and measuresDNA methylation in whole blood was drawn at age 18 years. Associations between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and methylation were tested using 3 prespecified approaches: (1) testing probes annotated to candidate genes involved in biological responses to growing up in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods and investigated in previous epigenetic research (stress reactivity-related and inflammation-related genes), (2) polyepigenetic scores indexing differential methylation in phenotypes associated with growing up in disadvantaged neighborhoods (obesity, inflammation, and smoking), and (3) a theory-free epigenome-wide association study.ResultsA total of 1619 participants (806 female individuals [50%]) had complete neighborhood and DNA methylation data. Children raised in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods exhibited differential DNA methylation in genes involved in inflammation (β = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.06-0.19; P < .001) and smoking (β = 0.18; 95% CI, 0.11-0.25; P < .001) but not obesity (β = 0.05; 95% CI, -0.01 to 0.11; P = .12). An epigenome-wide association study identified multiple CpG sites at an arraywide significance level of P < 1.16 × 10-7 in genes involved in the metabolism of hydrocarbons. Associations between neighborhood disadvantage and methylation were small but robust to family-level socioeconomic factors and to individual-level tobacco smoking.Conclusions and relevanceChildren raised in more socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods appeared to enter young adulthood epigenetically distinct from their less disadvantaged peers. This finding suggests that epigenetic regulation may be a mechanism by which the childhood neighborhood environment alters adult health.

Project description:ObjectiveWe examined whether neighborhood disadvantage predicted subsequent levels, and longitudinal trajectories, of type 1 diabetes (T1D) outcomes among late adolescents transitioning into early emerging adulthood. We also examined whether such associations occur indirectly through parent-adolescent relationship quality.Research design & methodsSeniors in high school with T1D (N = 236; mean age 17.76 ± 0.39 years; 61% female; 73.7% non-Latino White) completed selfreport measures of relationship quality with mothers and fathers, and adherence to their diabetes regimen; glycemic control was measured using HbA1c assay kits. Both T1D outcomes (i.e. adherence, HbA1c) were assessed annually across three time points (two years). Census tract indicators of neighborhood disadvantage (e.g., % unemployed) were culled from participant addresses at baseline linked to American Community Survey data. Structural Equation Modeling was used to estimate direct and indirect links between neighborhood disadvantage, relationship quality, and both subsequent levels (i.e., intercepts centered at Time 2), and trajectories of T1D outcomes (i.e., slopes across three time points).ResultsAll models showed excellent fit to the data. Greater neighborhood disadvantage associated with lower relationship quality with both parents. Lower relationship quality with fathers (but not with mothers) measured at Time 1 predicted poorer levels of adherence and HbA1c at Time 2, and formed an indirect path linking neighborhood disadvantage to each Time 2 outcome. Neighborhood disadvantage and parent-adolescent relationship quality during high school did not predict longitudinal trajectories of T1D outcomes across all three time points.ConclusionsParent-adolescent relationship quality (especially with fathers) remains important for T1D outcomes among late adolescents on the cusp of emerging adulthood, but may be at risk among those living within a socioeconomically-disadvantaged neighborhood.

Project description:Neighborhood disadvantage and community violence are common in poor, urban communities and are risk factors for emotional dysfunction. Emotional processes are supported by neural circuitry that includes the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus. These brain regions are connected by white matter pathways that include the cingulum bundle, uncinate fasciculus, stria terminalis, and fornix. Emotional function varies with the microstructure of these white matter pathways. However, it is not clear whether the microstructure of these pathways varies with risk factors for emotional dysfunction (e.g., neighborhood disadvantage and violence exposure). Therefore, determining the relationships between neighborhood disadvantage, violence exposure, and white matter microstructure may offer insight into the neural mechanisms by which adverse life experiences alter developing neural systems. The current study investigated the association that exposure to neighborhood disadvantage and violence have with the quantitative anisotropy (QA), a measure of the amount of directional water diffusion, of the cingulum bundle, uncinate fasciculus, stria terminalis, and fornix. Neighborhood disadvantage (Mage = 11.20) and violence exposure (MW1age = 11.20; MW2age = 13.05; MW3age = 16.20; MW4age = 19.25) were assessed during adolescence and participants returned for magnetic resonance imaging as young adults (N = 303; Mage = 20.25, SD = 1.55), during which diffusion weighted brain images were collected. The QA of the cingulum bundle, uncinate fasciculus, and stria terminalis/fornix varied negatively with neighborhood disadvantage such that the QA of these white matter tracts decreased as neighborhood disadvantage increased. Violence exposure was not related to QA in any tract (i.e., cingulum bundle, uncinate fasciculus, and stria terminalis/fornix) after correction for multiple comparisons. These results suggest that an adolescent's neighborhood may play an important role in the microstructure (i.e., QA) of white matter pathways that connect brain regions that support emotional function.

Dataset Information

Adolescent neighborhood disadvantage and memory performance in young adulthood.

Objective

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Adolescent neighborhood disadvantage and memory performance in young adulthood.

Similar Datasets

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