Dataset Information

Signal effect of a targeted travel subsidy on consumer behavior during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

ABSTRACT: Due to the declining demand owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, governments worldwide have implemented targeted subsidies to stimulate their domestic demand. This study argues that a single public subsidy implementation has two different mechanisms for demand stimulation: (1) the signal effect and (2) the discount effect. It conducted monthly questionnaire surveys with Japanese consumers during the pandemic and developed a panel dataset. During the data collection, the Japanese government introduced the "go-to-travel" campaign, a typical example of a targeted subsidy. This study utilized this policy implementation and estimated one-way and two-way fixed-effect models. The results show a signal effect, with individuals who were ineligible for the subsidy traveling more after the subsidy was implemented. Furthermore, the analyses indicate the discount effect while controlling for the possible signaling spillovers. This study contributes to the existing literature by focusing on the signal effect, which previous studies have not elucidated.

Supplementary information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11002-022-09663-2.

SUBMITTER: Tagashira T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9797376 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Signal effect of a targeted travel subsidy on consumer behavior during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Tagashira Takumi T

Marketing letters 20221229

Due to the declining demand owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, governments worldwide have implemented targeted subsidies to stimulate their domestic demand. This study argues that a single public subsidy implementation has two different mechanisms for demand stimulation: (1) the signal effect and (2) the discount effect. It conducted monthly questionnaire surveys with Japanese consumers during the pandemic and developed a panel dataset. During the data collection, the Japanese gover ...[more]

PMID: 36594038

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Project description:The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading globally at an accelerated rate, with a basic reproduction number (R0) of 2-2.5, indicating that 2-3 persons will be infected from an index patient. A serious public health emergency, it is particularly deadly in vulnerable populations and communities in which healthcare providers are insufficiently prepared to manage the infection. As of March 16, 2020, there are more than 180,000 confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide, with more than 7000 related deaths. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been isolated from asymptomatic individuals, and affected patients continue to be infectious 2 weeks after cessation of symptoms. The substantial morbidity and socioeconomic impact have necessitated drastic measures across all continents, including nationwide lockdowns and border closures. Pregnant women and their fetuses represent a high-risk population during infectious disease outbreaks. To date, the outcomes of 55 pregnant women infected with COVID-19 and 46 neonates have been reported in the literature, with no definite evidence of vertical transmission. Physiological and mechanical changes in pregnancy increase susceptibility to infections in general, particularly when the cardiorespiratory system is affected, and encourage rapid progression to respiratory failure in the gravida. Furthermore, the pregnancy bias toward T-helper 2 (Th2) system dominance, which protects the fetus, leaves the mother vulnerable to viral infections, which are more effectively contained by the Th1 system. These unique challenges mandate an integrated approach to pregnancies affected by SARS-CoV-2. Here we present a review of COVID-19 in pregnancy, bringing together the various factors integral to the understanding of pathophysiology and susceptibility, diagnostic challenges with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays, therapeutic controversies, intrauterine transmission, and maternal-fetal complications. We discuss the latest options in antiviral therapy and vaccine development, including the novel use of chloroquine in the management of COVID-19. Fetal surveillance, in view of the predisposition to growth restriction and special considerations during labor and delivery, is addressed. In addition, we focus on keeping frontline obstetric care providers safe while continuing to provide essential services. Our clinical service model is built around the principles of workplace segregation, responsible social distancing, containment of cross-infection to healthcare providers, judicious use of personal protective equipment, and telemedicine. Our aim is to share a framework that can be adopted by tertiary maternity units managing pregnant women in the flux of a pandemic while maintaining the safety of the patient and healthcare provider at its core.

Dataset Information

Signal effect of a targeted travel subsidy on consumer behavior during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Supplementary information

Publications

Signal effect of a targeted travel subsidy on consumer behavior during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

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