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Digital manufacturing of personalised footwear with embedded sensors.

ABSTRACT: The strong clinical demand for more accurate and personalized health monitoring technologies has called for the development of additively manufactured wearable devices. While the materials palette for additive manufacturing continues to expand, the integration of materials, designs and digital fabrication methods in a unified workflow remains challenging. In this work, a 3D printing platform is proposed for the integrated fabrication of silicone-based soft wearables with embedded piezoresistive sensors. Silicone-based inks containing cellulose nanocrystals and/or carbon black fillers were thoroughly designed and used for the direct ink writing of a shoe insole demonstrator with encapsulated sensors capable of measuring both normal and shear forces. By fine-tuning the material properties to the expected plantar pressures, the patient-customized shoe insole was fully 3D printed at room temperature to measure in-situ gait forces during physical activity. Moreover, the digitized approach allows for rapid adaptation of the sensor layout to meet specific user needs and thereby fabricate improved insoles in multiple quick iterations. The developed materials and workflow enable a new generation of fully 3D printed soft electronic devices for health monitoring.

SUBMITTER: Binelli MR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9898262 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Digital manufacturing of personalised footwear with embedded sensors.

Binelli Marco R MR van Dommelen Ryan R Nagel Yannick Y Kim Jaemin J Haque Rubaiyet I RI Coulter Fergal B FB Siqueira Gilberto G Studart André R AR Briand Danick D

Scientific reports 20230203 1

The strong clinical demand for more accurate and personalized health monitoring technologies has called for the development of additively manufactured wearable devices. While the materials palette for additive manufacturing continues to expand, the integration of materials, designs and digital fabrication methods in a unified workflow remains challenging. In this work, a 3D printing platform is proposed for the integrated fabrication of silicone-based soft wearables with embedded piezoresistive ...[more]

PMID: 36737477

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Project description:BackgroundNumerous sensing techniques have been investigated in an effort to monitor the main parameters influencing the residual limb/prosthesis interface, fundamental to the optimum design of prosthetic socket solutions. Sensing integration within sockets is notoriously complex and can cause user discomfort. A personalised prosthetic liner with embedded sensors could offer a solution. However, to allow for a functional and comfortable instrumented liner, highly customised designs are needed. The aim of this paper is to presents a novel approach to manufacture fully personalised liners using scanned three-dimensional image data of the patient's residual limb, combined with designs that allow for sensor integration. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, a personalised liner with embedded temperature and humidity sensors was realised and tested on a transtibial amputee, presented here as a case study.MethodsThe residual limb of a below knee amputee was first scanned and a three-dimensional digital image created. The output was used to produce a personalised prosthesis. The liner was manufactured using a cryogenic Computer Numeric Control (CNC) machining approach. This method enables fast, direct and precise manufacture of soft elastomer products. Twelve Hygrochron Data Loggers, able to measure both temperature and humidity, were embedded in specific liner locations, ensuring direct sensor-skin contact. The sensor locations were machined directly into the liner, during the manufacturing process. The sensors outputs were assessed on the below amputee who took part in the study, during resting (50 min) and walking activities (30 min). To better describe the relative thermal properties of new liner, the same tests were repeated with the amputee wearing his existing liner. Quantitative comparisons of the thermal properties of the new liner solution with that currently used in clinical practice are, therefore, reported.ResultsThe liner machining process took approximately 4 h. Fifteen minutes after donning the prosthesis, the skin temperature reached a plateau. Physical activity rapidly increased residuum skin temperatures, while cessation of activity caused a moderate decrease. Humidity increased throughout the observation period. In addition, the new liner showed better thermal properties with respect to the current liner solution (4% reduction in skin temperature).ConclusionsThis work describes a personalised liner solution, with embedded temperature and humidity sensors, developed through an innovative approach. This new method allows for a range of sensors to be smoothly embedded into a liner, which is capable of measuring changes in intra-socket microclimate conditions, resulting in the design of advanced socket solutions personalised specifically for individual requirements. In future, this method will not only provide a personalised liner but will also enable dynamic assessment of how a residual limb behaves within the socket during daily activities.

Project description:BackgroundRecruitment into clinical trials is challenging and there is a lack of evidence on effective recruitment strategies. Personalisation of invitation letters is a potentially pragmatic and feasible way of increasing recruitment rates at a low-cost. However, there is a lack of evidence concerning the effect of personalising of study invitation letters on recruitment rates.MethodsWe undertook a Study Within A Trial (SWAT) to investigate the effect of personalised versus non-personalised study invitation letters on recruitment rates into the host feasibility trial ENGAGE, a feasibility study of an internet-administered, guided, Low Intensity Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy based self-help intervention for parents of children previously treated for cancer. An intervention group (n = 254) received a personalised study invitation letter and the control group (n = 255) received a non-personalised study invitation letter. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants in the intervention group and the control group enrolled into the ENGAGE host feasibility trial. Secondary outcomes relating to the recruitment and screening process, and retention were examined. Differences in proportions between groups for the primary and secondary outcomes were estimated using logistic regression.ResultsOf the 509 potential participants, 56 (11.0%) were enrolled into the ENGAGE host feasibility trial: personalised: 30/254 (11.8%) and non-personalised: 26/255 (10.2%). No statistically significant effect on personalisation of enrolment was found (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.68-2.06). No statistically significant differences were found for any secondary outcome.ConclusionsPersonalisation of study invitations had no effect on recruitment. However, given the small study sample size in the present SWAT, and lack of similar embedded recruitment RCTs to enable a meta-analysis, additional SWATs to examine the personalisation of study invitation letters are warranted.Trial registrationISRCTN57233429 ; ISRCTN18404129 ; SWAT 112, Northern Ireland Hub for Trials Methodology Research SWAT repository (2018 OCT 1 1231) ( https://www.qub.ac.uk/sites/TheNorthernIrelandNetworkforTrialsMethodologyResearch/FileStore/Filetoupload,939618,en.pdf ).

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Digital manufacturing of personalised footwear with embedded sensors.

Publications

Digital manufacturing of personalised footwear with embedded sensors.

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