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The effect of biochar prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures on microbially driven conversion and retention of nitrogen during composting.

ABSTRACT: Aerobic composting is one of the most economical ways to produce organic fertilizer from agricultural wastes. In this research, we independently developed a simple composting simulation reactor. The effects of biochar pyrolysised at different pyrolysis temperatures (B1-450 °C; B2-550 °C; and B3-650 °C) on nitrogen conversion (Total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH₄ ⁺-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃ ^--N), cumulative amount of ammonia (CEA) and nitrous oxide (CEN) emission, nitrogen loss rate (NLR), etc.) and functional microbial community (cbbL, cbbM and nifH) structure in the composting system were studied. Results showed that the addition of biochar significantly improved the efficiency of composting, increased the NO₃ ^--N concentration and reduced the NLR (%) in the composting system (B3 (31.4 ± 2.73)p ≤ 0.05), while the loss rate of nitrogen positively correlated with compost pH. Denitrifying bacterial genera such as Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Paracoccus, Bacillus, Citrobacter, Mesorhizobium, Thiobacillus and Rhodococcus in this study was an important reason for nitrogen loss during composting, and the abundance of autotrophic microorganisms (such as Sulfuritalea, Hydrogenophaga, Thiobacillus, Thiomonas and Candidatus_Thioglobus) in treatments with biochar (B1, B2 and B3) were higher than that in B0. Besides, the community structure in the treatments B2 and B3 was similar at the end of composting and clearly distinguished from that in B1. Moreover, the five functions predicted by OTUs in this study with the highest proportions were chemoheterotrophy, nitrate reduction, fermentation, aerobic chemoheterotrophy and nitrogen respiration. The study provided a theoretical basis for the application of biochar to improve the compost-related processes.

SUBMITTER: Wang H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9976328 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The effect of biochar prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures on microbially driven conversion and retention of nitrogen during composting.

Wang Haihou H Shao Tianyun T Zhou Yujie Y Long Xiaohua X Rengel Zed Z

Heliyon 20230213 3

Aerobic composting is one of the most economical ways to produce organic fertilizer from agricultural wastes. In this research, we independently developed a simple composting simulation reactor. The effects of biochar pyrolysised at different pyrolysis temperatures (B1-450 °C; B2-550 °C; and B3-650 °C) on nitrogen conversion (Total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4 +-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3 --N), cumulative amount of ammonia (CEA) and nitrous oxi ...[more]

PMID: 36873514

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Project description:BackgroundFood safety has become a major issue, with serious environmental pollution resulting from losses of nitrogen (N) fertilizers. N is a key element for plant growth and is often one of the most important yield-limiting nutrients in paddy soil. Urea-N immobilization is an important process for restoring the levels of soil nutrient depleted by rice production and sustaining productivity. The benefits of biochar application include improved soil fertility, altered N dynamics, and reduced nutrient leaching. However, due to high variability in the quality of biochar, the responses of N loss and rice productivity to biochar amendments, especially those prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures, are still unclear. The main objectives of the present study were to examine the effects of biochar prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures on fertilizer N immobilization in paddy soil and explore the underlying mechanisms.MethodsTwo biochar samples were prepared by pyrolysis of maize straw at 400 °C (B400) and 700 °C (B700), respectively. The biochar was applied to paddy soil at three rates (0, 0.7, and 2.1%, w/w), with or without N fertilization (0, 168, and 210 kg N ha-1). Pot experiments were performed to determine nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and 15N recovery from paddy soil using a 15N tracer across the rice growing season.ResultsCompared with the non-biochar control, biochar significantly decreased soil bulk density while increasing soil porosity, irrespective of pyrolysis temperature and N fertilizer level. Under B400 and B700, a high biochar rate decreased N loss rate to 66.42 and 68.90%, whereas a high N level increased it to 77.21 and 76.99%, respectively. Biochar also markedly decreased N2O emissions to 1.06 (B400) and 0.75 kg ha-1 (B700); low-N treatment caused a decrease in N2O emissions under B400, but this decrease was not observed under B700. An application rate of biochar of 2.1% plus 210 kg ha-1 N fertilizer substantially decreased the N fertilizer-induced N2O emission factor under B400, whereas under B700 no significant difference was observed. Biochar combined with N fertilizer treatment decreased rice biomass and grain yield by an average of 51.55 and 23.90 g pot-1, respectively, but the yield reduction under B700 was lower than under B400.ConclusionIrrespective of pyrolysis temperature, biochar had a positive effect on residual soil 15N content, while it negatively affected the 15N recovery of rice, N2O emissions from soil, rice biomass, and grain yield in the first year. Generally, a high application rate of biochar prepared at high or low pyrolysis temperature reduced the N fertilizer-induced N2O emission factor considerably. These biochar effects were dependent on N fertilizer level, biochar application rate, and their interactions.

Dataset Information

The effect of biochar prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures on microbially driven conversion and retention of nitrogen during composting.

Publications

The effect of biochar prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures on microbially driven conversion and retention of nitrogen during composting.

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