Dataset Information

Antibody response durability following three-dose COVID-19 vaccination in people with HIV receiving suppressive ART.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Limited data exist regarding longer term antibody responses following three-dose coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, and the impact of a first SARS-CoV-2 infection during this time, in people with HIV (PWH) receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). We quantified wild-type-specific, Omicron BA.1-specific and Omicron BA.5-specific responses up to 6 months postthird dose in 64 PWH and 117 controls who remained COVID-19-naive or experienced their first SARS-CoV-2 infection during this time.

Design

Longitudinal observational cohort.

Methods

We quantified wild-type-specific and Omicron-specific anti-Spike receptor-binding domain IgG concentrations, ACE2 displacement activities and live virus neutralization at 1, 3 and 6 months postthird vaccine dose.

Results

Third doses boosted all antibody measures above two-dose levels, but BA.1-specific responses remained significantly lower than wild-type-specific ones, with BA.5-specific responses lower still. Serum IgG concentrations declined at similar rates in COVID-19-naive PWH and controls postthird dose (median wild-type-specific and BA.1-specific half-lives were between 66 and 74 days for both groups). Antibody function also declined significantly yet comparably between groups: 6 months postthird dose, BA.1-specific neutralization was undetectable in more than 80% of COVID-19 naive PWH and more than 90% of controls. Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection boosted antibody concentrations and function significantly above vaccine-induced levels in both PWH and controls, though BA.5-specific neutralization remained significantly poorer than BA.1 even postbreakthrough.

Conclusion

Following three-dose COVID-19 vaccination, antibody response durability in PWH receiving ART is comparable with controls. PWH also mounted strong responses to breakthrough infection. Due to temporal response declines, however, COVID-19-naive individuals, regardless of HIV status, would benefit from a fourth dose within 6 months of their third.

SUBMITTER: Lapointe HR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9994797 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Antibody response durability following three-dose coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in people with HIV receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy.

Lapointe Hope R HR Mwimanzi Francis F Cheung Peter K PK Sang Yurou Y Yaseen Fatima F Speckmaier Sarah S Barad Evan E Moran-Garcia Nadia N Datwani Sneha S Duncan Maggie C MC Kalikawe Rebecca R Ennis Siobhan S Young Landon L Ganase Bruce B Omondi F Harrison FH Umviligihozo Gisele G Dong Winnie W Toy Junine J Sereda Paul P Burns Laura L Costiniuk Cecilia T CT Cooper Curtis C Anis Aslam H AH Leung Victor V Holmes Daniel D DeMarco Mari L ML Simons Janet J Hedgcock Malcolm M Prystajecky Natalie N Lowe Christopher F CF Romney Marc G MG Barrios Rolando R Guillemi Silvia S Brumme Chanson J CJ Montaner Julio S G JSG Hull Mark M Harris Marianne M Niikura Masahiro M Brockman Mark A MA Brumme Zabrina L ZL

AIDS (London, England) 20221222 5

<h4>Background</h4>Limited data exist regarding longer term antibody responses following three-dose coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, and the impact of a first SARS-CoV-2 infection during this time, in people with HIV (PWH) receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). We quantified wild-type-specific, Omicron BA.1-specific and Omicron BA.5-specific responses up to 6 months post-third dose in 64 PWH and 117 controls who remained COVID-19-naive or experienced their first SARS ...[more]

PMID: 36545783

Similar Datasets

Project description:ObjectiveLimited data exist regarding the immune benefits of fourth COVID-19 vaccine doses in people with HIV (PWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), particularly now that most have experienced a SARS-CoV-2 infection. We quantified wild-type, Omicron-BA.5 and Omicron-BQ.1-specific neutralization up to 1 month post-fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose in 63 (19 SARS-CoV-2-naive and 44 SARS-CoV-2-experienced) PWH.DesignA longitudinal observational cohort.MethodsQuantification of wild-type-, Omicron-BA.5, and Omicron-BQ.1-specific neutralization using live virus assays.ResultsParticipants received monovalent (44%) and bivalent (56%) mRNA fourth doses. In COVID-19-naive PWH, fourth doses enhanced wild-type and Omicron-BA.5-specific neutralization modestly above three-dose levels ( P = 0.1). In COVID-19-experienced PWH, fourth doses enhanced wild-type specific neutralization modestly ( P = 0.1) and BA.5-specific neutralization substantially ( P = 0.002). Consistent with humoral benefits of 'hybrid' immunity, COVID-19-experienced PWH exhibited the highest neutralization post-fourth dose, wherein those with Omicron-era infections displayed higher wild-type specific ( P = 0.04) but similar BA.5 and BQ.1-specific neutralization than those with pre-Omicron-era infections. Nevertheless, BA.5-specific neutralization was significantly below wild-type in everyone regardless of COVID-19 experience, with BQ.1-specific neutralization lower still (both P < 0.0001). In multivariable analyses, fourth dose valency did not affect neutralization magnitude. Rather, an mRNA-1273 fourth dose (versus a BNT162b2 one) was the strongest correlate of wild-type specific neutralization, while prior COVID-19, regardless of pandemic era, was the strongest correlate of BA.5 and BQ.1-specific neutralization post-fourth dose.ConclusionFourth COVID-19 vaccine doses, irrespective of valency, benefit PWH regardless of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results support recommendations that all adults receive a fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose within 6 months of their third dose (or their most recent SARS-CoV-2 infection).