Dataset Information

People with HIV receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy show typical antibody durability after dual COVID-19 vaccination, and strong third dose responses.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Longer-term humoral responses to two-dose COVID-19 vaccines remain incompletely characterized in people living with HIV (PLWH), as do initial responses to a third dose.

Methods

We measured antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain, ACE2 displacement and viral neutralization against wild-type and Omicron strains up to six months following two-dose vaccination, and one month following the third dose, in 99 PLWH receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy, and 152 controls.

Results

Though humoral responses naturally decline following two-dose vaccination, we found no evidence of lower antibody concentrations nor faster rates of antibody decline in PLWH compared to controls after accounting for sociodemographic, health and vaccine-related factors. We also found no evidence of poorer viral neutralization in PLWH after two doses, nor evidence that a low nadir CD4+ T-cell count compromised responses. Post-third-dose humoral responses substantially exceeded post-second-dose levels, though anti-Omicron responses were consistently weaker than against wild-type.Nevertheless, post-third-dose responses in PLWH were comparable to or higher than controls. An mRNA-1273 third dose was the strongest consistent correlate of higher post-third-dose responses.

Conclusion

PLWH receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy mount strong antibody responses after two- and three-dose COVID-19 vaccination. Results underscore the immune benefits of third doses in light of Omicron.

SUBMITTER: Lapointe HR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8963693 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

People with HIV receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy show typical antibody durability after dual COVID-19 vaccination, and strong third dose responses.

Lapointe Hope R HR Mwimanzi Francis F Cheung Peter K PK Sang Yurou Y Yaseen Fatima F Umviligihozo Gisele G Kalikawe Rebecca R Speckmaier Sarah S Moran-Garcia Nadia N Datwani Sneha S Duncan Maggie C MC Agafitei Olga O Ennis Siobhan S Young Landon L Ali Hesham H Ganase Bruce B Omondi F Harrison FH Dong Winnie W Toy Junine J Sereda Paul P Burns Laura L Costiniuk Cecilia T CT Cooper Curtis C Anis Aslam H AH Leung Victor V Holmes Daniel D DeMarco Mari L ML Simons Janet J Hedgcock Malcolm M Prystajecky Natalie N Lowe Christopher F CF Pantophlet Ralph R Romney Marc G MG Barrios Rolando R Guillemi Silvia S Brumme Chanson J CJ Montaner Julio S G JSG Hull Mark M Harris Marianne M Niikura Masahiro M Brockman Mark A MA Brumme Zabrina L ZL

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 20220323

<h4>Background</h4>Longer-term humoral responses to two-dose COVID-19 vaccines remain incompletely characterized in people living with HIV (PLWH), as do initial responses to a third dose.<h4>Methods</h4>We measured antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain, ACE2 displacement and viral neutralization against wild-type and Omicron strains up to six months following two-dose vaccination, and one month following the third dose, in 99 PLWH receiving suppressive antiretro ...[more]

PMID: 35350205

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundLimited data exist regarding longer term antibody responses following three-dose coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, and the impact of a first SARS-CoV-2 infection during this time, in people with HIV (PWH) receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). We quantified wild-type-specific, Omicron BA.1-specific and Omicron BA.5-specific responses up to 6 months post-third dose in 64 PWH and 117 controls who remained COVID-19-naive or experienced their first SARS-CoV-2 infection during this time.DesignLongitudinal observational cohort.MethodsWe quantified wild-type-specific and Omicron-specific anti-Spike receptor-binding domain IgG concentrations, ACE2 displacement activities and live virus neutralization at 1, 3 and 6 months post-third vaccine dose.ResultsThird doses boosted all antibody measures above two-dose levels, but BA.1-specific responses remained significantly lower than wild-type-specific ones, with BA.5-specific responses lower still. Serum IgG concentrations declined at similar rates in COVID-19-naive PWH and controls post-third dose (median wild-type-specific and BA.1-specific half-lives were between 66 and 74 days for both groups). Antibody function also declined significantly yet comparably between groups: 6 months post-third dose, BA.1-specific neutralization was undetectable in more than 80% of COVID-19 naive PWH and more than 90% of controls. Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection boosted antibody concentrations and function significantly above vaccine-induced levels in both PWH and controls, though BA.5-specific neutralization remained significantly poorer than BA.1 even post-breakthrough.ConclusionFollowing three-dose COVID-19 vaccination, antibody response durability in PWH receiving ART is comparable with controls. PWH also mounted strong responses to breakthrough infection. Due to temporal response declines, however, COVID-19-naive individuals, regardless of HIV status, would benefit from a fourth dose within 6 months of their third.

Project description:ObjectiveLimited data exist regarding the immune benefits of fourth COVID-19 vaccine doses in people with HIV (PWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), particularly now that most have experienced a SARS-CoV-2 infection. We quantified wild-type, Omicron-BA.5 and Omicron-BQ.1-specific neutralization up to 1 month post-fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose in 63 (19 SARS-CoV-2-naive and 44 SARS-CoV-2-experienced) PWH.DesignA longitudinal observational cohort.MethodsQuantification of wild-type-, Omicron-BA.5, and Omicron-BQ.1-specific neutralization using live virus assays.ResultsParticipants received monovalent (44%) and bivalent (56%) mRNA fourth doses. In COVID-19-naive PWH, fourth doses enhanced wild-type and Omicron-BA.5-specific neutralization modestly above three-dose levels ( P = 0.1). In COVID-19-experienced PWH, fourth doses enhanced wild-type specific neutralization modestly ( P = 0.1) and BA.5-specific neutralization substantially ( P = 0.002). Consistent with humoral benefits of 'hybrid' immunity, COVID-19-experienced PWH exhibited the highest neutralization post-fourth dose, wherein those with Omicron-era infections displayed higher wild-type specific ( P = 0.04) but similar BA.5 and BQ.1-specific neutralization than those with pre-Omicron-era infections. Nevertheless, BA.5-specific neutralization was significantly below wild-type in everyone regardless of COVID-19 experience, with BQ.1-specific neutralization lower still (both P < 0.0001). In multivariable analyses, fourth dose valency did not affect neutralization magnitude. Rather, an mRNA-1273 fourth dose (versus a BNT162b2 one) was the strongest correlate of wild-type specific neutralization, while prior COVID-19, regardless of pandemic era, was the strongest correlate of BA.5 and BQ.1-specific neutralization post-fourth dose.ConclusionFourth COVID-19 vaccine doses, irrespective of valency, benefit PWH regardless of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results support recommendations that all adults receive a fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose within 6 months of their third dose (or their most recent SARS-CoV-2 infection).

Dataset Information

People with HIV receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy show typical antibody durability after dual COVID-19 vaccination, and strong third dose responses.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

People with HIV receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy show typical antibody durability after dual COVID-19 vaccination, and strong third dose responses.

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