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Association of Leptin and Leptin receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Insulin Resistance in Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT: Introduction: The objective of the study was to find the association between leptin/LEPR gene polymorphism and insulin resistance, in order to find the extent of risk of leptin gene polymorphism in causing insulin resistance in pregnant women. Methodology: Two hundred and eight pregnant women participated in this cross-sectional study of which 74 were insulin resistant cases and 134 were insulin sensitive controls. Genotyping of leptin and its receptor gene was carried out using the PCR-RFLP method. Serum levels of leptin, insulin, and C peptide were assayed using ELISA. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 23. Results: Insignificant association was observed between leptin receptor gene polymorphisms and insulin resistance (chi-square=0.1275 p=0.721) and leptin gene and insulin-resistant women ((chi-square 0.221, p = 0.638). There was no significant difference in the serum leptin levels between the cases and control (61.62±29.23 and 59.88±22.25). However, fasting blood sugar, insulin, C peptide, TG and VLDL levels were significantly higher in cases as compared to controls. Subjects with homozygous dominant, ‘GG’ of LEPR showed higher insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia than other genotypes. However, subjects with homozygous dominant, ‘AA’ of leptin gene showed hyperglycemia as compared to other genotypes. Conclusion: This study, therefore, concluded that no established association of gene polymorphism in detecting insulin resistance in pregnancy, hyperleptinemia in pregnancy is also not a finding in predicting insulin resistance. However, an increase in C peptide, insulin, glucose, and triglyceride levels in pregnant women can help detect insulin resistance at the earliest and prevent gestational diabetes.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens (human)

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PROVIDER: S-BSST854 | biostudies-other |

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): S-EPMC6266652

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:Objectives: Good maternal health and fetal development require sufficient and good quality of sleep during pregnancy. This study investigated sleep duration and quality in pregnant women, assessing factors with possibly influence on sleep. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on pregnant women between June and August in 2015 in 16 hospitals in five provinces in China. A total of 2345 pregnant women aged 18 years and older were surveyed. Insufficient sleeping duration was defined as sleeping of less than 7 h per day. Excessive sleep duration was defined as sleeping of more than 9 h per day. Results: A total of 561 (23.9%) participants reported insufficient sleeping duration, whereas 485 (20.9%) claimed excessive sleep duration. A total of 358 (15.2%) of pregnant women reported problems regarding sleep quality. Compared to pregnant women with sufficient sleeping duration, those with insufficient sleeping duration were prone to have poor sleep quality, whereas those with excessive sleeping duration featured low possibility of poor sleep quality. High-risk groups of insufficient sleep duration include women of Han nationality, with siblings, in their first trimester of pregnancy, receiving care in low-capacity/quality hospital settings, and with daily or 1-3 days of secondhand smoke exposure. High-risk groups of excessive sleep duration include women living in rural areas, unemployed, in their third trimester of pregnancy, and receiving care in medium-capacity/quality hospital settings. High-risk groups of poor sleep quality include women of non-Han nationality, low income level, in their third trimester of pregnancy, and with insufficient sleep duration. Conclusions: Insufficient/excessive sleep duration and poor sleep quality commonly occur during pregnancy in China. Findings provide a better understanding of the influencing factors of insufficient/excessive sleep duration and poor quality of sleep. These findings have some implications for future interventions on sleep among pregnant women.

Project description:BackgroundThe association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and metabolic syndrome (MS) has been demonstrated by epidemiological studies while their correlation remain controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of VDR gene polymorphisms with MS and MS-related components in the two communities of Hangzhou.MethodsA total of 394 subjects were enrolled in the cross-sectional study. Four VDR gene polymorphisms (ApaI, BsmI, FokI, and TaqI) were selected based on human genome sequence databases and genotyped using the MassARRAY Analyzer Compact.ResultsIn lipid profile, the TT genotype of ApaI had a significantly lower risk of hypertriglyceridemia compared with the GG+GT genotypes (recessive model: OR = 0.141; 95% CI = 0.041-0.486; p < 0.01) and the GG genotype (codominant model: OR = 0.155; 95% CI = 0.044-0.545; p < 0.01). The levels of triglyceride (TG) in the TT genotype of ApaI were lower than the GG+GT genotypes (1.29 ± 0.63 vs. 1.78 ± 1.59 mmol/L, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the AA+GA carriers of BsmI had lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) than the GG carriers (1.28 ± 0.29 vs. 1.42 ± 0.34 mmol/L, p < 0.05). The CC+TC carriers of TaqI also suffered from lower HDL-C compared with the TT carriers (1.27 ± 0.29 vs. 1.42 ± 0.34 mmol/L, p < 0.01). For arterial blood pressure, the CC carriers had lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) than the TT+TC carriers (p < 0.01) and the TT carriers of FokI (p < 0.05). However, the FokI polymorphisms were not associated with SBP and the mean blood pressure of both groups laid within the normal range.ConclusionsIn our study, VDR polymorphisms show no association with the MS risk. The present results suggest that the VDR ApaI polymorphism is associated with hypertriglyceridemia and predisposed to developing MS, while the variants of BsmI and TaqI seem to affect HDL-C. Nevertheless, the effect of FokI variants with SBP is ambiguous.

Project description:BackgroundPregnant and lactating women are at high risk of insufficient water intake. The cross-sectional study was mainly designed to evaluate the water intake, including total water intake (TWI), plain water intake, and water intake from beverages and foods of 200 pregnant women and 150 breastfeeding women in Beijing.MethodsA semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was employed to assess their dietary intake, TWI, plain water, and water intake from beverages and foods. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted for evaluating the association between water intake and dietary variables.ResultsOn average, the TWI of pregnant and breastfeeding women was 2638?mL/day and 3218?mL/day, respectively. Only 28% of pregnant women and 27% of breastfeeding women were complied with the adequate intake (AI). Water from foods was the greatest contributor to TWI both in pregnant and breastfeeding women. TWI was positively related to some dietary variables (P?<?0.001). For pregnant women, with each 100?kcal/day increase in energy intake, the TWI increased by 67?mL. With each 5?g increase in daily intake of dietary protein, fat, carbohydrate and fiber, TWI increased by 72?mL, 66?mL, 22?mL, 353?mL, respectively. When the energy contribution of protein increased by 5%, TWI increased by 210?mL. The each 100?mg increase in daily sodium intake was accompanied with 52?mL increase in TWI. For breastfeeding women, with each 100?kcal/day increase in energy intake, the TWI increased by 54?mL. With each 5?g increase in daily intake of dietary protein, fat, carbohydrate and fiber, TWI increased by 53?mL, 58?mL, 16?mL, 212?mL, respectively. The each 100?mg increase in daily sodium intake was accompanied with 54?mL increase in TWI.ConclusionsA large proportion of pregnant and breastfeeding women in Beijing were not adherent to AI for TWI set by Chinese Nutrition Society. Water intake from foods was the greatest contributor to TWI both in pregnant and breastfeeding women, and maternal dietary intake posed impacts on water intake during pregnancy and lactation. More researches are required to assess the water intake and hydration status of the populations.

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Association of Leptin and Leptin receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Insulin Resistance in Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

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