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Systematic Mapping of ADAR1 Binding Reveals its Regulatory Roles in Multiple RNA Processing Pathways [small RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: ADARs are the primary factors underlying A-to-I editing in metazoans. We conducted the first global study of ADAR1-RNA interaction in human cells using CLIP-Seq. In contrast to the expected predominant binding of ADAR1 to Alu repeats, thousands of CLIP sites were located in non-Alu regions. This unexpectedly frequent non-Alu binding enabled discovery of transcriptome-wide functional and biophysical targets of ADAR1 in the regulation of mRNA processing including alternative 3' UTR usage and alternative splicing. In addition, a global analysis of ADAR1 binding to non-Alu regions also revealed its primary interaction with microRNA (miRNA) transcripts in the nucleus, which subsequently affected expression levels of mature miRNAs. A complex global picture was revealed regarding the dependence of this function on the double-stranded RNA binding domains or deaminase activity. Our study unfolded a broad landscape of the diverse functional roles of ADAR1. To identify ADAR binding dependent miRNA defferential expression profiles, U87MG cells were transfected with ADAR1 overexpression vector, RNA binding mutant (EAA and E912A), siRNA of ADAR1 or controls.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Bahn JH

PROVIDER: S-ECPF-GEOD-55362 | biostudies-other | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Systematic Mapping of ADAR1 Binding Reveals its Regulatory Roles in Multiple RNA Processing Pathways [small RNA-seq]

Project description:ADARs are the primary factors underlying A-to-I editing in metazoans. We conducted the first global study of ADAR1-RNA interaction in human cells using CLIP-Seq. In contrast to the expected predominant binding of ADAR1 to Alu repeats, thousands of CLIP sites were located in non-Alu regions. This unexpectedly frequent non-Alu binding enabled discovery of transcriptome-wide functional and biophysical targets of ADAR1 in the regulation of mRNA processing including alternative 3' UTR usage and alternative splicing. In addition, a global analysis of ADAR1 binding to non-Alu regions also revealed its primary interaction with microRNA (miRNA) transcripts in the nucleus, which subsequently affected expression levels of mature miRNAs. A complex global picture was revealed regarding the dependence of this function on the double-stranded RNA binding domains or deaminase activity. Our study unfolded a broad landscape of the diverse functional roles of ADAR1. To identify ADAR binding dependent miRNA defferential expression profiles, U87MG cells were transfected with ADAR1 overexpression vector, RNA binding mutant (EAA and E912A), siRNA of ADAR1 or controls.

2015-03-11 | E-GEOD-55362 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Systematic Mapping of ADAR1 Binding Reveals its Regulatory Roles in Multiple RNA Processing Pathways

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

2015-03-11 | GSE55363 | GEO

Systematic Mapping of ADAR1 Binding Reveals its Regulatory Roles in Multiple RNA Processing Pathways [CLIP-seq]

2015-03-11 | GSE55361 | GEO

Systematic Mapping of ADAR1 Binding Reveals its Regulatory Roles in Multiple RNA Processing Pathways [small RNA-seq]

2015-03-11 | GSE55362 | GEO

Genomic analysis of ADAR1 binding and its involvement in multiple RNA processing pathways.

Project description:Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) are the primary factors underlying adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing in metazoans. Here we report the first global study of ADAR1-RNA interaction in human cells using CLIP-seq. A large number of CLIP sites are observed in Alu repeats, consistent with ADAR1's function in RNA editing. Surprisingly, thousands of other CLIP sites are located in non-Alu regions, revealing functional and biophysical targets of ADAR1 in the regulation of alternative 3' UTR usage and miRNA biogenesis. We observe that binding of ADAR1 to 3' UTRs precludes binding by other factors, causing 3' UTR lengthening. Similarly, ADAR1 interacts with DROSHA and DGCR8 in the nucleus and possibly out-competes DGCR8 in primary miRNA binding, which enhances mature miRNA expression. These functions are dependent on ADAR1's editing activity, at least for a subset of targets. Our study unfolds a broad landscape of the functional roles of ADAR1.

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Cell-type specific RNA-Seq reveals novel roles and regulatory programs for terminally differentiated Dictyostelium cells.

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RNA-seq analysis reveals TRPC genes to impact an unexpected number of metabolic and regulatory pathways.

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Mammalian NET-Seq Reveals Genome-wide Nascent Transcription Coupled to RNA Processing.

Project description:Transcription is a highly dynamic process. Consequently, we have developed native elongating transcript sequencing technology for mammalian chromatin (mNET-seq), which generates single-nucleotide resolution, nascent transcription profiles. Nascent RNA was detected in the active site of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) along with associated RNA processing intermediates. In particular, we detected 5'splice site cleavage by the spliceosome, showing that cleaved upstream exon transcripts are associated with Pol II CTD phosphorylated on the serine 5 position (S5P), which is accumulated over downstream exons. Also, depletion of termination factors substantially reduces Pol II pausing at gene ends, leading to termination defects. Notably, termination factors play an additional promoter role by restricting non-productive RNA synthesis in a Pol II CTD S2P-specific manner. Our results suggest that CTD phosphorylation patterns established for yeast transcription are significantly different in mammals. Taken together, mNET-seq provides dynamic and detailed snapshots of the complex events underlying transcription in mammals.

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NAP-seq reveals multiple classes of structured noncoding RNAs with regulatory functions.

Project description:Up to 80% of the human genome produces "dark matter" RNAs, most of which are noncapped RNAs (napRNAs) that frequently act as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) to modulate gene expression. Here, by developing a method, NAP-seq, to globally profile the full-length sequences of napRNAs with various terminal modifications at single-nucleotide resolution, we reveal diverse classes of structured ncRNAs. We discover stably expressed linear intron RNAs (sliRNAs), a class of snoRNA-intron RNAs (snotrons), a class of RNAs embedded in miRNA spacers (misRNAs) and thousands of previously uncharacterized structured napRNAs in humans and mice. These napRNAs undergo dynamic changes in response to various stimuli and differentiation stages. Importantly, we show that a structured napRNA regulates myoblast differentiation and a napRNA DINAP interacts with dyskerin pseudouridine synthase 1 (DKC1) to promote cell proliferation by maintaining DKC1 protein stability. Our approach establishes a paradigm for discovering various classes of ncRNAs with regulatory functions.

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