Protein phosphatase composition in the smooth muscle of guinea-pig ileum studied with okadaic acid and inhibitor 2.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Takai A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1133313 | biostudies-other | 1989 Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Muscarinic-receptor stimulation by 0.1 mM-carbachol in longitudinal muscle of the guinea-pig ileum increases the incorporation of [3H]inositol into inositol-containing phospholipid. This effect was blocked by 16 microM-atropine. After 60 min incubation, carbachol increased the accumulation of total inositol phosphates 20-fold in the presence of 10 mM-Li+. Less than 20% of the total inositol phosphate corresponded to inositol 1-phosphate by ion-exchange chromatography, whereas of the remainder about two-thirds corresponded to inositol bisphosphate and one third to inositol trisphosphate. It is concluded that stimulation of muscarinic receptors in guinea-pig ileum enhances breakdown of polyphosphoinositides, suggesting that this may be a primary event associated with Ca2+ mobilization in the guinea-pig ileum.
| S-EPMC1144327 | biostudies-other
Project description:Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) play an important role in physiology and production in farm animals such as pigs. Here, we report the generation of a pig SMC line. Our original objective was to establish an enteroendocrine cell line from the pig ileum epithelium through lentiviral transduction of the Simian Virus (SV) 40 large T antigen. However, an initial expression analysis of marker genes in nine cell clones revealed that none of them were enteroendocrine cells or absorptive enterocytes, goblet cells, or Paneth cells, some of the major cell types existing in the ileum epithelium. A more detailed characterization of one clone named PIC7 by RNA-seq showed that these cells expressed many of the known smooth muscle-specific or -enriched genes, including smooth muscle actin alpha 2, calponin 1, calponin 3, myosin heavy chain 11, myosin light chain kinase, smoothelin, tenascin C, transgelin, tropomyosin 1, and tropomyosin 2. Both quantitative PCR and RNA-seq analyses showed that the PIC7 cells had a high expression of mRNA for smooth muscle actin gamma 2, also known as enteric smooth muscle actin. A Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of SV40 T antigen in the PIC7 cells. An immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the expression of smooth muscle actin alpha 2 filaments in the PIC7 cells. A collagen gel contraction assay showed that the PIC7 cells were capable of both spontaneous contraction and contraction in response to serotonin stimulation. We conclude that the PIC7 cells are derived from an enteric SMC from the pig ileum. These cells may be a useful model for studying the cellular and molecular physiology of pig enteric SMCs. Because pigs are similar to humans in anatomy and physiology, the PIC7 cells may be also used as a model for human intestinal SMCs.
| S-EPMC7179811 | biostudies-literature
Project description:1. The metabolism of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidate was investigated in fragments of longitudinal smooth muscle from guinea-pig ileum incubated with cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs. 2. Incorporation of Pi into these lipids was enhanced by acetylcholine and carbamoylcholine. 3. The receptor responsible for triggering this response was of the muscarinic type, since (a) the response was also produced by the muscarinic agonists acetyl-beta-methylcholine, carbamoyl-beta-methylcholine and pilocarpine, and (b) the response was prevented by atropine and prophylbenzilylcholine mustard, but not by tubocurarine. 4. Increased phosphatidylinositol labellin was clearly observed within 5 min in tissue treated with a high concentration of carbamoylcholine. 5. Halfmaximal stimulation of phosphatidylinositol labelling occurred at approx. 10 muM-muM-carbamoylcholine. 6. Incubation of muscle fragments with carbamoylcholine provoked a decrease in phosphatidylinositol concentration, as would be expected if phosphatidyl-inositol breakdown is the reaction controlled by agonists. 7. This information all appears consistent with the proposal that phosphatidylinositol breakdown may be a reaction intrinsic to the mechanisms of muscarinic cholinergic receptor systems.
| S-EPMC1172767 | biostudies-other
Project description:The muscularis mucosae, a type of smooth muscle located between the urothelium and the urinary bladder detrusor, has been described, although its properties and role in bladder function have not been characterized. Here, using mucosal tissue strips isolated from guinea pig urinary bladders, we identified spontaneous phasic contractions (SPCs) that appear to originate in the muscularis mucosae. This smooth muscle layer exhibited Ca(2+) waves and flashes, but localized Ca(2+) events (Ca(2+) sparks, purinergic receptor-mediated transients) were not detected. Ca(2+) flashes, often in bursts, occurred with a frequency (∼5.7/min) similar to that of SPCs (∼4/min), suggesting that SPCs are triggered by bursts of Ca(2+) flashes. The force generated by a single mucosal SPC represented the maximal force of the strip, whereas a single detrusor SPC was ∼3% of maximal force of the detrusor strip. Electrical field stimulation (0.5-50 Hz) evoked force transients in isolated detrusor and mucosal strips. Inhibition of cholinergic receptors significantly decreased force in detrusor and mucosal strips (at higher frequencies). Concurrent inhibition of purinergic and cholinergic receptors nearly abolished evoked responses in detrusor and mucosae. Mucosal SPCs were unaffected by blocking small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (SK) channels with apamin and were unchanged by blocking large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channels with iberiotoxin (IbTX), indicating that SK and BK channels play a much smaller role in regulating muscularis mucosae SPCs than they do in regulating detrusor SPCs. Consistent with this, BK channel current density in myocytes from muscularis mucosae was ∼20% of that in detrusor myocytes. These findings indicate that the muscularis mucosae in guinea pig represents a second smooth muscle compartment that is physiologically and pharmacologically distinct from the detrusor and may contribute to the overall contractile properties of the urinary bladder.
| S-EPMC3154705 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The goal of this study was to characterize a single-cell clone derived from pig ileum epithelium. Analyses including RNA-seq demonstrated that this clone was derived from an enteric smooth muscle cell. This clone is named PIC7 in the manuscript.
2020-04-29 | GSE147822 | GEO
Project description:The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms by which ATP increases guinea pig gallbladder smooth muscle (GBSM) excitability. We evaluated changes in membrane potential and action potential (AP) frequency in GBSM by use of intracellular recording. Application of ATP (100 microM) caused membrane depolarization and a significant increase in AP frequency that were not sensitive to block by tetrodotoxin (0.5 microM). The nonselective P2 antagonist, suramin (100 microM), blocked the excitatory response, resulting in decreased AP frequency in the presence of ATP. The excitatory response to ATP was not altered by pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2,4-disulfonic acid (30 microM), a nonselective P2X antagonist. UTP also caused membrane depolarization and increased AP frequency, with a similar dose-response relationship as ATP. RT-PCR demonstrated that the P2Y(4), but not P2Y(2), receptor subtype is expressed in guinea pig gallbladder muscularis. ATP induced excitation was blocked by indomethacin (10 microM) and the cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 inhibitor SC-560 (300 nM), but not the COX-2 inhibitor nimesulide (500 nM). These data suggest that ATP stimulates P2Y(4) receptors within the gallbladder muscularis and, in turn, stimulate prostanoid production via COX-1 leading to increased excitability of GBSM.
| S-EPMC2921626 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We previously reported in guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle that maximal shortening velocity decreases from 3 weeks of age to adulthood. It is not known whether myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), a key enzyme determining the velocity of smooth muscle contraction, undergoes maturational changes. In the present work, we investigated MLCK protein content and mRNA expression in 1-week-old, 3-week-old, and adult guinea pigs. We extracted either proteins or RNA from isolated tracheal smooth muscle. The content of MLCK was assessed by Western immunoblots. MLCK mRNA was evaluated by Northern analysis and by quantitative real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The content of MLCK increased 3-fold at 3 weeks of age and then decreased in adults, being 0.116 +/- 0.042, 0.330 +/- 0.125 (P < 0.05), and 0.153 +/- 0.054 microg/mg of total protein, respectively, in 1-week, 3-week, and adult animals. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that MLCK mRNA increased with age to 135 +/- 35% and 177 +/- 23% (P < 0.01) in 3-week and adult animals, respectively, compared to 1-week animals. The transient increase of MLCK content in juvenile guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle may contribute to the increased shortening velocity at this age. We suggest that this increased content of MLCK is one of the mechanisms leading to maturation of airway smooth muscle contractility, which in turn contributes to the airway hyperresponsiveness reported in children and young animals.
| S-EPMC2527445 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Object We aimed to identify the β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) subtypes involved in isoprenaline-induced relaxation of guinea pig colonic longitudinal smooth muscle using pharmacological and biochemical approaches. Methods Longitudinal smooth muscle was prepared from the male guinea pig ascending colon and contracted with histamine prior to comparing the relaxant responses to three catecholamines (isoprenaline, adrenaline, and noradrenaline). The inhibitory effects of subtype-selective β-AR antagonists on isoprenaline-induced relaxation were then investigated. Results The relaxant potencies of the catecholamines were ranked as: isoprenaline > noradrenaline ≈ adrenaline, whereas the rank order was isoprenaline > noradrenaline > adrenaline in the presence of propranolol (a non-selective β-AR antagonist; 3 × 10-7 M). Atenolol (a selective β1-AR antagonist; 3 × 10-7-10-6 M) acted as a competitive antagonist of isoprenaline-induced relaxation, and the pA2 value was calculated to be 6.49 (95% confidence interval: 6.34-6.83). The relaxation to isoprenaline was not affected by ICI-118,551 (a selective β2-AR antagonist) at 10-9-10-8 M, but was competitively antagonized by 10-7-3 × 10-7 M, with a pA2 value of 7.41 (95% confidence interval: 7.18-8.02). In the presence of propranolol (3 × 10-7 M), the relaxant effect of isoprenaline was competitively antagonized by bupranolol (a non-selective β-AR antagonist), with a pA2 value of 5.90 (95% confidence interval: 5.73-6.35). Conclusion These findings indicated that the β-AR subtypes involved in isoprenaline-induced relaxation of colonic longitudinal guinea pig muscles are β1-AR and β3-AR.
| S-EPMC5863046 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The atomic force microscopy (AFM) indentation method combined with the brush model can be used to separate the mechanical response of the cell body from deformation of the pericellular layer surrounding biological cells. Although self-consistency of the brush model to derive the elastic modulus of the cell body has been demonstrated, the model ability to characterize the pericellular layer has not been explicitly verified. Here we demonstrate it by using enzymatic removal of hyaluronic content of the pericellular brush for guinea pig fibroblast cells. The effect of this removal is clearly seen in the AFM force-separation curves associated with the pericellular brush layer. We further extend the brush model for brushes larger than the height of the AFM probe, which seems to be the case for fibroblast cells. In addition, we demonstrate that an extension of the brush model (i.e., double-brush model) is capable of detecting the hierarchical structure of the pericellular brush, which, for example, may consist of the pericellular coat and the membrane corrugation (microridges and microvilli). It allows us to quantitatively segregate the large soft polysaccharide pericellular coat from a relatively rigid and dense membrane corrugation layer. This was verified by comparison of the parameters of the membrane corrugation layer derived from the force curves collected on untreated cells (when this corrugation membrane part is hidden inside the pericellular brush layer) and on treated cells after the enzymatic removal of the pericellular coat part (when the corrugations are exposed to the AFM probe). We conclude that the brush model is capable of not only measuring the mechanics of the cell body but also the parameters of the pericellular brush layer, including quantitative characterization of the pericellular layer structure.
| S-EPMC4944720 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A number of drugs classed as calcium antagonists, spasmolytics, non-specific receptor antagonists or receptor antagonists with multiple sites of action were tested to determine whether they prevent the stimulation of phosphatidylinositol turnover caused in various tissues by the activation of receptors which increase cell-surface Ca2+ permeability. The experiments were done with fragments of longitudinal smooth muscle from guinea-pig ileum; these were incubated in vitro with 32Pi and either 100 muM-carbamoylcholine or 100 muM-histamine, in the presence of antagonistic drugs at concentrations at least sufficient to cause complete blockade of smooth-muscle contraction. The phosphatidylinositol response to carbamoylcholine was not changed by cinchocaine, papaverine, nifedipine, dibenamine, amethocaine, cinnarizine, lidoflazine, methoxyverapamil, prenylamine or two antimuscarinic alkane-bis-ammonium compounds, and the response to histamine was unaffected by the first four drugs. In contrast, phenoxybenzamine prevented the increase in phosphatidylinositol labelling caused by either carbamoylcholine or histamine. The insensitivity of the phosphatidylinositol response to most of the drugs provides further experimental support for the conclusion that the receptor-stimulated phosphatidylinositol breakdown which initiates the increase in phosphatidylinositol turnover is not caused by an increase in intracellular Ca2+. The simplest interpretation of the available information appears to be that phosphatidylinositol breakdown plays a role in the coupling between the receptor-agonist interaction and the opening of cell-surface Ca2+ gates [Michell, R. H. (1975) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 415, 81-147]. If this is correct, then phenoxybenzamine must exert its inhibitory effects on phosphatidylinositol breakdown early in this sequence of events, but the drugs must act at a stage later than phosphatidylinositol breakdown. The unexpected difference in the effects of dibenamine and phenoxybenzamine, which are chemically very similar, may provide a useful experimental tool with which to explore the way in which activated receptors provoke the opening of cell-surface Ca2+ gates.
| S-EPMC1164218 | biostudies-other