Glucan receptor and zymosan-induced lysosomal enzyme secretion in macrophages.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Tapper H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1136595 | biostudies-other | 1995 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Anti-cancer T-cell responses are often halted due to the immune-suppressive micro-environment, in part related to tumor-associated macrophages. In the current study, we assessed indigestible β-glucans (oatβG, curdlan, grifolan, schizophyllan, lentinan, yeast whole glucan particles (yWGP), zymosan and two additional yeast-derived β-glucans a and b) for their physicochemical properties as well as their effects on the plasticity of human monocyte-derived macrophages that were polarized with IL-4 to immune-suppressive macrophages. Beta-glucans were LPS/LTA free, and tested for solubility, molecular masses, protein and monosaccharide contents. Curdlan, yeast-b and zymosan re-polarized M(IL-4) macrophages towards an M1-like phenotype, in particular showing enhanced gene expression of CCR7, ICAM1 and CD80, and secretion of TNF-α and IL-6. Notably, differential gene expression, pathway analysis as well as protein expressions demonstrated that M(IL-4) macrophages treated with curdlan, yeast-b or zymosan demonstrated enhanced production of chemo-attractants, such as CCL3, CCL4, and CXCL8, which contribute to recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils. The secretion of chemo-attractants was confirmed when using patient-derived melanoma-infiltrating immune cells. Taken together, the bacterial-derived curdlan as well as the yeast-derived β-glucans yeast-b and zymosan have the unique ability to preferentially skew macrophages towards a chemo-attractant-producing phenotype that may aid in anti-cancer immune responses.
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Project description:The phospholipids of rabbit alveolar macrophages were pulse-labelled with [(14)C]-arachidonic acid, and the subsequent release of labelled prostaglandins was measured. Resting macrophages released measurable amounts of arachidonic acid, the prostaglandins E(2), D(2) and F(2alpha) and 6-oxoprostaglandin F(1alpha). Phagocytosis of zymosan increased the release of arachidonic acid and prostaglandins to 2.5 times the control value. In contrast, phagocytosis of inert latex particles had no effect on prostaglandin release. Indomethacin inhibited the release of prostaglandin, and, at high doses (20mug/ml), increased arachidonic acid release. Analysis of the cellular lipids showed that after zymosan stimulation the proportion of label was decreased in phosphatidylcholine, but not in other phospholipids or neutral lipids. Cytochalasin B, at a dose of 2mug/ml, inhibited the phagocytosis induced by zymosan but increased prostaglandin synthesis to 3.4 times the control. These data suggest that the stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis by zymosan is not dependent on phagocytosis. Exposure to zymosan also resulted in the release of the lysosomal enzyme, acid phosphatase. Furthermore, cytochalasin B augmented the zymosan-stimulated release of acid phosphatase at the same dose that stimulated prostaglandin synthesis. However, indomethacin, at a dose that completely inhibited prostaglandin synthesis, failed to block the lysosomal enzyme release. Thus despite some parallels between the release of prostaglandins and lysosomal enzymes, endogenous prostaglandins do not appear to mediate the release of lysosomal enzymes. The prostaglandins released from the macrophages may function as humoral substances affecting other cells.
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Project description:The effects of calmodulin antagonists on the secretion of lysosomal enzyme and lipid metabolism in guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages were studied. Calmodulin antagonists, such as trifluoperazine, dibucaine and quinacrine, inhibited the secretion of N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase from cytochalasin B-treated macrophages when the macrophages were stimulated by the chemotactic peptide, formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f Met-Leu-Phe) or the Ca(2+) ionophore A23187. The effect of calmodulin antagonists on the incorporation of [(32)P]P(i) or [(3)H]glycerol into glycerolipids as well as on the redistribution of [(14)C]glycerol or [(3)H]arachidonic acid in [(14)C]glycerol- or [(3)H]arachidonic acid-prelabelled lipids were examined. Trifluoperazine, dibucaine or quinacrine stimulated [(32)P]P(i) incorporation into phosphatidic acid (PtdA) and phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) without significant effect on the labelling of phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn), phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PtdCho) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (lyso-PtdEtn). The incorporation of [(32)P]P(i) into phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) was, on the contrary, inhibited. When calmodulin antagonists were added to macrophages stimulated by fMet-Leu-Phe, [(32)P]P(i) incorporation into PtdIns and PtdA was synergistically increased compared with that induced only by calmodulin antagonists. Trifluoperazine inhibited the incorporation of [(3)H]glycerol into PtdCho, triacylglycerol and PtdEtn. Also in this case, the incorporation of [(3)H]glycerol into PtdA and PtdIns was greatly enhanced. But [(3)H]glycerol incorporation into PtdSer, lyso-PtdEtn and lyso-PtdCho was not affected by the drug. On the other hand, diacylglycerol labelling with [(3)H]glycerol was maximally activated by 10mum-trifluoperazine and levelled off with the increasing concentration. When the effect of calmodulin antagonists on the redistribution of [(14)C]glycerol among lipids was examined in pulse-chase experiments, no significant effect on [(14)C]glycerol redistribution in PtdEtn, PtdCho, PtdIns, PtdSer, PtdA and tri- and di-acylglycerol could be detected. When macrophages prelabelled with [(3)H]arachidonic acid were treated with trifluoperazine, dibucaine or quinacrine, the [(3)H]arachidonic acid moiety in PtdEtn and PtdCho was decreased and that in PtdA was increased. The formation of [arachidonate-(3)H]diacylglycerol and non-esterified [(3)H]-arachidonic acid was also enhanced, but the increase in [(3)H]arachidonic acid was only observed at concentrations between 1 and 50mum. [Arachidonate-(3)H]PtdIns was not significantly affected. The activated formation of [arachidonate-(3)H]PtdA, diacylglycerol and non-esterified arachidonic acid by these drugs was synergistically enhanced in the presence of fMet-Leu-Phe.
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