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Streptomyces K15 DD-peptidase-catalysed reactions with suicide beta-lactam carbonyl donors.

ABSTRACT: The values of the kinetic parameters that govern the interactions between the Streptomyces K15 DD-peptidase and beta-lactam compounds were determined by measuring the inactivating effect that these compounds exert on the transpeptidase activity of the enzyme and, in the case of [14C]benzylpenicillin and [14C]cefoxitin, by measuring the amounts of acyl-enzyme formed during the reaction. K15 DD-peptidase binds benzylpenicillin or cefoxitin at a molar ratio of 1:1. Benzylpenicilloate is the major product released during breakdown of the acyl-enzyme formed with benzylpenicillin. Benzylpenicillin is not a better acylating agent than the amide Ac2-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala and ester Ac2-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-lactatecarbonyl-donor substrates. beta-Lactam compounds possessing a methoxy group on the alpha-face of the molecule show high inactivating potency.

SUBMITTER: Leyh-Bouille M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1146665 | biostudies-other | 1986 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Streptomyces K15 DD-peptidase-catalysed reactions with ester and amide carbonyl donors.

Project description:In water, the purified 26 000-Mr membrane-bound DD-peptidase of Streptomyces K15 hydrolyses the ester carbonyl donor Ac2-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-lactate (release of D-lactate) and the amide carbonyl donor Ac2-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala (release of D-alanine) with accumulation of acyl- (Ac2-L-Lys-D-alanyl-)enzyme. Whereas hydrolysis of the ester substrate proceeds to completion, hydrolysis of the amide substrate is negligible because of the capacity of the K15 DD-peptidase for utilizing the released D-alanine in a transfer reaction (Ac2-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala + D-Ala----Ac2-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala + D-Ala) that maintains the concentration of the amide substrate at a constant level. In the presence of an amino acceptor X-NH2 (Gly-Gly or Gly-L-Ala) related to the Streptomyces peptidoglycan, both amide and ester carbonyl donors are processed without detectable accumulation of acyl-enzyme. Under proper conditions, the acceptor activity of water and, in the case of the amide substrate, the acceptor activity of the released D-alanine can be totally overcome so that the two substrates are quantitatively converted into transpeptidated product Ac2-L-Lys-D-Ala-NH-X (and hydrolysis is prevented). Experimental evidence suggests that the amino acceptor modifies both the binding of the carbonyl donor to the enzyme and the ensuing rate of enzyme acylation.

| S-EPMC1146664 | biostudies-other

Effects of thiol reagents on Streptomyces K15 DD-peptidase-catalysed reactions.

Project description:The 26,000-Mr DD-peptidase of Streptomyces K15 binds one equivalent of thiol reagents as 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate) or p-chloromercuribenzoate (pCMB). Derivatization of the DD-peptidase by pCMB decreases the efficacy of the initial binding of the ester carbonyl donor Ac2-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-lactate to the enzyme (K), the rate of enzyme acylation by the donor (K+2) and the rate of enzyme deacylation (k+3). However, the value of the k+2/k+3 ratio, and therefore the percentage of total enzyme which, at saturating concentrations of the donor, is present as acyl-enzyme at the steady state of the reaction, are not modified. The enzyme's binding sites for pCMB and benzylpenicillin are not mutually exclusive. But, when compared with the native enzyme, the pCMB-derivatized enzyme undergoes acylation by benzylpenicillin with a decreased second-order-rate constant (k+2/K) value and gives rise to a penicilloyl adduct of increased stability. Since the acyl-enzyme mechanism is not annihilated by pCMB derivatization, it is proposed that basically, and like all the other DD-peptidases/penicillin-binding proteins so far characterized, the Streptomyces K15 DD-peptidase is an active-site-serine enzyme.

| S-EPMC1147644 | biostudies-other

Streptomyces K15 active-site serine DD-transpeptidase: specificity profile for peptide, thiol ester and ester carbonyl donors and pathways of the transfer reactions.

Project description:The Streptomyces K15 transferase is a penicillin-binding protein presumed to be involved in bacterial wall peptidoglycan crosslinking. It catalyses cleavage of the peptide, thiol ester or ester bond of carbonyl donors Z-R1-CONH-CHR2-COX-CHR3-COO- (where X is NH, S or O) and transfers the electrophilic group Z-R1-CONH-CHR2-CO to amino acceptors via an acyl-enzyme intermediate. Kinetic data suggest that the amino acceptor behaves as a simple alternative nucleophile at the level of the acyl-enzyme in the case of thiol ester and ester donors, and that it binds to the enzyme.carbonyl donor Michaelis complex and influences the rate of enzyme acylation by the carbonyl donor in the case of amide donors. Depending on the nature of the scissile bond, the enzyme has different requirements for substituents at positions R1, R2 and R3.

| S-EPMC1136653 | biostudies-other

The Streptomyces K15 DD-peptidase/penicillin-binding protein. Active site and sequence of the N-terminal region.

Project description:The N-terminal region of the Streptomyces K15 DD-peptidase/penicillin-binding protein shows high homology with that of other penicillin-interactive proteins or domains. The active-site serine residue of the conserved tetrad Ser-Xaa-Xaa-Lys occurs at position 35. There is no indication for the presence of a signal peptide or an N-terminal hydrophobic sequence, suggesting that the Streptomyces K15 enzyme is probably anchored to the membrane by a C-terminal peptide segment.

| S-EPMC1138712 | biostudies-other

Accumulation of acyl-enzyme in DD-peptidase-catalysed reactions with analogues of peptide substrates.

Project description:Thioester substrates can be used to study the hydrolysis and transfer reactions catalysed by beta-lactamases and DD-peptidases. With the latter enzymes, accumulation of the acyl-enzyme can be detected directly. The efficiency of various amines as acceptor substrates was in excellent agreement with previous results obtained with peptide substrates of the DD-peptidases. The results indicated the presence of a specific binding site for the acceptor substrates. Although most of the results agreed well with a simple partition model, more elaborate hypotheses will be needed to account for all the data presented.

| S-EPMC1130576 | biostudies-other

Kinetics of concomitant transfer and hydrolysis reactions catalysed by the exocellular DD-carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase of streptomyces R61.

Project description:When Ac(2)-l-Lys-d-Ala-d-Ala and either meso-diaminopimelic acid or Gly-l-Ala are exposed to the exocellular dd-carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase of Streptomyces R61, transpeptidation reactions yielding Ac(2)-l-Lys-d-Ala-(d)-meso- diaminopimelic acid and Ac(2)-l-Lys-d-Ala-Gly-l-Ala occur concomitantly with the hydrolysis of the tripeptide into Ac(2)-l-Lys-d-Ala. The proportion of the enzyme activity which can be channelled in the transpeptidation and the hydrolysis pathways depends upon the pH and the polarity of the environment. Transpeptidation is favoured both by increasing the pH and by decreasing the water content of the reaction mixtures. Kinetics suggest that the reactions proceed through an ordered mechanism in which the acceptor molecule (meso-diaminopimelic acid or Gly-l-Ala) binds first to the enzyme. Both acceptors behave as non-competitive inhibitors of the hydrolysis pathway. Transpeptidation is inhibited by high concentrations of Gly-l-Ala but not by high concentrations of meso-diaminopimelic acid. The occurrence on the enzyme of an additional inhibitory binding site for Gly-l-Ala is suggested.

| S-EPMC1165850 | biostudies-other

Mechanism of action of DD-peptidases: role of asparagine-161 in the Streptomyces R61 DD-peptidase.

Project description:The role of residue Asn-161 in the interaction between the Streptomyces R61 DD-peptidase and various substrates or beta-lactam inactivators was probed by site-directed mutagenesis. The residue was successively replaced by serine and alanine. In the first case, acylation rates were mainly affected with the peptide and ester substrates but not with the thiol-ester substrates and beta-lactams. However, the deacylation rates were decreased 10-30-fold with the substrates yielding benzoylglycyl and benzoylalanyl adducts. The Asn161Ala mutant was more generally affected, although the acylation rates with cefuroxime and cefotaxime remained similar to those observed with the wild-type enzyme. Surprisingly, the deacylation rates of the benzoylglycyl and benzoylalanyl adducts were very close to those observed with the wild-type enzyme. The results also indicate that the interaction with the peptide substrate and the transpeptidation reaction were more sensitive to the mutations than the other reactions studied. The results are discussed and compared with those obtained with the Asn-132 mutants of a class A beta-lactamase.

| S-EPMC1134339 | biostudies-other

Amino acid sequence of the penicillin-binding protein/DD-peptidase of Streptomyces K15. Predicted secondary structures of the low Mr penicillin-binding proteins of class A.

Project description:The low-Mr penicillin-binding protein (PBP)/DD-transpeptidase of Streptomyces K15 is synthesized in the form of a 291-amino acid-residue precursor possessing a cleavable 29-amino acid-residue signal peptide. Sequence-similarity searches and hydrophobic-cluster analysis show that the Streptomyces K15 enzyme, the Escherichia coli PBPs/DD-carboxy-peptidases 5 and 6, the Bacillus subtilis PBP/DD-carboxypeptidase 5 and the spoIIA product (a putative PBP involved in the sporulation of B. subtilis) are structurally related and form a distinct class A of low-Mr PBPs/DD-peptidases. The distribution of the hydrophobic clusters along the amino acid sequences also shows that the Streptomyces K15 PBP, and by extension the other PBPs of class A, have similarity in the polypeptide folding, with the beta-lactamases of class A, with as reference the Streptomyces albus G and Staphylococcus aureus beta-lactamases of known three-dimensional structure. This comparison allows one to predict most of the secondary structures in the PBPs and the amino acid motifs that define the enzyme active sites.

| S-EPMC1151569 | biostudies-other

Point mutations of two arginine residues in the Streptomyces R61 DD-peptidase.

Project description:Incubation of the exocellular DD-carboxypeptidase/transpeptidase of Streptomyces R61 with phenylglyoxal resulted in a time-dependent decrease in the enzyme activity. This inactivation was demonstrated to be due to modification of the Arg-99 side chain. In consequence, the role of that residue was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. Mutation of Arg-99 into leucine appeared to be highly detrimental to enzyme stability, reflecting a determining structural role for this residue. The conserved Arg-103 residue was also substituted by using site-directed mutagenesis. The modification to a serine residue yielded a stable enzyme, the catalytic properties of which were similar to those of the wild-type enzyme. Thus Arg-103, although strictly conserved or replaced by a lysine residue in most of the active-site penicillin-recognizing proteins, did not appear to fulfil any essential role in either the enzyme activity or structure.

| S-EPMC1131003 | biostudies-other

Secretion by overexpression and purification of the water-soluble Streptomyces K15 DD-transpeptidase/penicillin-binding protein.

Project description:Though synthesized with a cleavable signal peptide and devoid of membrane anchors, the 262-amino-acid-residue Streptomyces K15 DD-transpeptidase/penicillin-binding protein is membrane-bound. Overexpression in Streptomyces lividans resulted in the export of an appreciable amount of the synthesized protein (4 mg/litre of culture supernatant). The water-soluble enzyme was purified close to protein homogeneity with a yield of 75%. It requires the presence of 0.5 M-NaCl to remain soluble. It is indistinguishable from the detergent-extract wild-type enzyme with respect to molecular mass, thermostability, transpeptidase activity and penicillin-binding capacity.

| S-EPMC1132083 | biostudies-other

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