Nuclear acceptor sites for androgen-receptor complexes in seminal-vesicle epithelium.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Weinberger MJ
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1162305 | biostudies-other | 1980 Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:The nuclear envelope of seminal-vesicle epithelium was isolated by a procedure involving enzymic digestion with deoxyribonuclease I, sonication in the presence of 0.34 M-sodium citrate, and centrifugation through sucrose density gradients. The mass of envelope DNA was only 0.8% of that of envelope protein, and by transmission electron microscopy the envelope was 98-99% pure. We showed that the envelope possess a protein kinase activity which is uninfluenced by cyclic nucleotides. Both lysine-rich histone and dephosphophosvitin as substrates gave a greater specific activity than did envelope protein itself. Optimum requirements with respect to Na+, Mg2+, pH and ATP were established for each substrate, and the influence of other factors on enzyme activity was investigated. Data, obtained mainly with the use of lysine-rich histone, are presented which indicate that nuclear envelope from intact and 96 h-castrated guinea pigs may have equal protein kinase activities and, in separate experiments, equal phosphoprotein phosphatase activities. Clarification of these initial observations must await identification of the natural substrates or the envelope's phosphorylation-dephosphorylation reactions.
| S-EPMC1163243 | biostudies-other
Project description:Four intrinsic soluble secretory proteins are synthesized in vitro by isolated seminal-vesicle mucosa from sexually mature guinea pigs. Newly synthesized specific proteins labelled with [(14)C]glycine and [(14)C]lysine were precipitated by using double-antibody immunoprecipitation techniques and their radioactivity was assessed. Rates of synthesis were determined on each of 5 days after castration. By 5 days after castration the wet weight of the epithelium decreased to 42% of intact control values; the absolute amount of specific protein synthesized in vitro after 60min incubation decreased to 28% and the 27500g cytoplasmic protein content decreased to 31%. Thus androgen deprivation leads to a decrease in general protein synthesis in vivo, as well as to a decrease in specific protein synthesis in vitro. Specific protein synthesis comprised 76% of the total protein formed in isolated tissue from animals 5 days after castration as compared with 99-100% in tissue from intact animals. At 72h after an injection of testosterone or dihydrotestosterone, seminal-vesicle epithelium wet weight, cytoplasmic protein content and capability for synthesizing specific proteins in vitro were restored to approx. 70% of normal values. At 72h after onset of therapy with 3alpha-androstanediol, both epithelium wet weight and cytoplasmic protein content had increased significantly, but without a corresponding increase in the capability of the isolated tissue to synthesize specific proteins. The soluble labelled proteins synthesized in vitro by isolated epithelium from intact animals during 60 or 120min incubation were essentially entirely immunoprecipitable, i.e. specific. In contrast, approx. 29% of all soluble protein newly synthesized by isolated epithelium from animals 5 days after castration was acid-precipitable, but not immunoprecipitable, i.e. ;non-specific'. The injection of testosterone into castrated animals inhibited the synthesis of the non-specific fraction by isolated tissue. The effects of castration on the ultrastructure of guinea-pig seminal-vesicle epithelium are also presented.
| S-EPMC1164991 | biostudies-other
Project description:1. Two basic proteins were purified from secretions of rat seminal vesicles by using Sephadex G-200 chromatography and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. 2. It is not certain that these two proteins are distinct species and not subunits of a larger protein, but their properties are similar. Highly basic (pI = 9.7), they migrate to the cathode at high pH and their amino acid composition shows them to be rich in basic residues and serine. Threonine and hydrophobic residues are few. Both proteins are glycoproteins and have mol.wts. of 17000 and 18500. 3. Together these two proteins account for 25-30% of the protein synthesized by the vesicles, but they are absent from other tissues. 4. Changes in androgen status of the animal markedly affect these proteins. After castration, a progressive decrease in the basic proteins is observed and the synthesis of the two proteins as measured by [35S]methionine incorporation in vitro is is decreased. Testosterone administration in vivo rapidly restores their rates of synthesis. 5. These effects on specific protein synthesis are also observed for total cellular protein, and it is suggested that testosterone acts generally on the total protein-synthetic capacity of the cell and not specifically on individual proteins. Proliferative responses in the secretory epithelium may also be involved. 6. The extreme steroid specificity of the induction process suggests that the synthesis of these basic proteins is mediated by the androgen-receptor system. 7. The biological function of these proteins is not clear, but they do not appear to be involved in the formation of the copulatory plug.
| S-EPMC1163968 | biostudies-other
Project description:Four intrinsic soluble proteins are synthesized and secreted by sexually mature guinea-pig seminal-vesicle mucosa, which comprises a monolayer of a homogeneous columnar epithelial cell. All four proteins can be extracted readily in 154mm-NaCl from the organ's luminal constituents in which they are present in high concentration. They are referred to as proteins 1, 2, 3 and 4 in order of their elution during DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Specific primary antibodies were harvested from goats that had been inoculated with the purified vesicular proteins; secondary antibodies were obtained from a donkey inoculated with goat gamma-globulins. Double-antibody-immunoprecipitation techniques were developed to precipitate the vesicular proteins. Thus proteins newly synthesized from (14)C-labelled amino acids could be precipitated and the incorporated radioactivity assessed. Isolated seminal-vesicle mucosa, incubated in only a buffered salt solution containing glucose, readily synthesized the soluble secreted proteins from added [(14)C]lysine plus [(14)C]glycine, [(14)C]histidine plus [(14)C]glutamate, [(14)C]glutamine alone and [(14)C]arginine alone. The rates of incorporation (d.p.m./mg of total soluble protein) of labelled lysine and glycine and of labelled arginine were linear with time over 180min. With the other labelled precursors, rates diminished between 60 and 180min. Labelled protein could be detected after only 10-15min of incubation. Only 4-9% of the newly synthesized protein remained associated with the mucosa; the remainder was found in the cell-free incubation medium. The isolated seminal-vesicle mucosal preparation will provide a unique opportunity to study the synthesis and secretion of abundant cell-specific proteins by this androgen-dependent tissue.
| S-EPMC1164990 | biostudies-other
Project description:Seminal vesicle autoantigen (SVA) is a 19 kDa glycoprotein purified from mouse seminal vesicle secretion. It was quantified to be 0.9% (w/v) in the seminal vesicle fluid. We examined its distribution in the accessory sexual gland, characterized its binding sites on the sperm surface and assessed its effect on sperm motility. It was immunolocalized on the epithelium of the primary and secondary folds in the tissue. Mouse spermatozoa collected from caudal epididymis were devoid of SVA. A cytochemical study illustrated the presence of SVA-binding region on the entire cells. The cytochemical staining intensity for the binding of SVA to spermatozoa remained even when the cells were pretreated with protease digestion, acid or heat at 100 degrees C for 10 min. Moreover, the SVA-sperm binding could be inhibited by the dispersed sperm lipid. The specificity of interaction between (125)I-SVA and phospholipids was studied by TLC overlay techniques. The radiolabelled protein showed strong binding to purified phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine and weak binding to purified sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, but did not interact with phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid or phosphatidylinositol. Among the lipids extracted from spermatozoa, SVA showed strong binding to phosphatidylcholine and weak binding to sphingomyelin and neutral lipids. The assay for SVA-sperm binding with (125)I-SVA determined the IC(50) as being (3.89+/-0.65)x10(-5) M(-1), which is compatible with an apparent dissociation constant of (9.10+/-0.02)x10(-5) M(-1) estimated by fitting the data of phosphatidylcholine-perturbed SVA fluorescence to a modified Scatchard plot. SVA showed an ability to suppress sperm motility. The average path velocity, straight-line velocity and curvilinear velocity of sperm were not detectable by computer-assisted sperm assay after incubation of the cells in the presence of 0.3% SVA at 37 degrees C for more than 40 min.
| S-EPMC1220547 | biostudies-other
Project description:A search for inhibitors of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in the male and female murine genital tracts revealed high levels of a uPA ligand in the seminal vesicle. This ligand is functionally, biochemically and immunologically indistinguishable from protease-nexin I (PN-I), a serpin ligand of thrombin and uPA previously detected only in mesenchymal cells and astrocytes. A survey of murine tissues indicates that PN-I mRNA is most abundant in seminal vesicles, where it represents 0.2-0.4% of the mRNAs. PN-I is synthesized in the epithelium of the seminal vesicle, as determined by in situ hybridization, and is secreted in the lumen of the gland. PN-I levels are much lower in immature animals, and strongly decreased upon castration. Testosterone treatment of castrated males rapidly restores PN-I mRNA levels, indicating that PN-I gene expression is under androgen control.
| S-EPMC413407 | biostudies-other
Project description:A protein extract of mouse seminal-vesicle secretion was used to immunize mature mice (Balb/c) of both sexes. Results of Western-blot analyses for these secretory proteins indicated that only one minor protein component could be recognized by the autoantisera prepared from either autoimmunization of male mice or isoimmunization of female mice. The autoantigen was purified from seminal-vesicle secretion. The purified autoantigen retained the ability to induce autoantibody formation. The autoantigen has glycoprotein characteristics: the majority of the carbohydrate is N-linked and the remainder is O-linked. Rabbit antibodies to the autoantigen were used to isolate the corresponding cDNA from a mouse seminal-vesicle cDNA library. The primary structure deduced from the cDNA sequence was confirmed by direct amino acid sequence determination. The results indicate that the core protein consists of 131 amino acid residues. Analysis of the primary structure indicates that the autoantigen has two potential acceptor sites for the N-linked carbohydrate at Asn-12 and Asn-122, three potential phosphorylation sites for casein kinase II at Thr-55, Ser-68 and Thr-76, and three potential phosphorylation sites for protein kinase C at Thr-28, Thr-40 and Thr-124. The core protein and the carbohydrate portion together have a molecular mass of 19 kDa. Results from Western- and Northern-blot analyses for various tissues indicate that the seminal vesicle is the sole organ producing this autoantigen. Expression of this autoantigen gene was stimulated by testosterone.
| S-EPMC1137736 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundStudies have shown that perinatal exposure to the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) leads to feminization of the seminal vesicle (SV) in male mice, as illustrated by tissue hyperplasia, ectopic expression of the major estrogen-inducible uterine secretory protein lactoferrin (LF), and reduced expression of SV secretory protein IV (SVS IV).ObjectivesThe present study was designed to evaluate the role of the estrogen receptor (ER) in this action by using ER-knockout (ERKO) mice.MethodsWild-type (WT), ER?-null (?ERKO), and ER?-null (?ERKO) male mice were treated with either vehicle or DES (2 ?g/day) on neonatal days 1-5. These mice were divided into two groups: In the first group, intact mice were sacrificed at 10 weeks of age; in the second group, mice were castrated at 10 weeks of age, allowed to recover for 10 days, treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or placebo, and sacrificed 2 weeks later. Body weights and SV weights were recorded, and mRNA expression levels of Ltf (lactoferrin), Svs4, and androgen receptor (Ar) were assessed.ResultsIn DES-treated intact mice, SV weights were reduced in WT and ?ERKO mice but not in ?ERKO mice. DES-treated WT and ?ERKO males, but not ?ERKO males, exhibited ectopic expression of LF in the SV. DES treatment resulted in decreased SVS IV protein and mRNA expression in WT males, but no effect was seen in ?ERKO mice. In addition, DES-treated ?ERKO mice exhibited reduced Svs4 mRNA expression but maintained control levels of SVS IV protein. In DES-treated castrated mice, DHT implants restored SV weights to normal levels in ?ERKO mice but not in WT mice, suggesting full androgen responsiveness in ?ERKO mice.ConclusionsThese data suggest that DES-induced SV toxicity and feminization are primarily mediated by ER?; however, some aspects of androgen response may require the action of ER?.
| S-EPMC3339448 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Proteins involved in reproductive fitness have evolved unusually rapidly across diverse groups of organisms. These reproductive proteins show unusually high rates of amino acid substitutions, suggesting that the proteins have been subject to positive selection. We sought to identify seminal fluid proteins experiencing adaptive evolution because such proteins are often involved in sperm competition, host immunity to pathogens, and manipulation of female reproductive physiology and behavior. We performed an evolutionary screen of the mouse prostate transcriptome for genes with elevated evolutionary rates between mouse and rat. We observed that secreted rodent prostate proteins evolve approximately twice as fast as nonsecreted proteins, remarkably similar to findings in the primate prostate and in the Drosophila male accessory gland. Our screen led us to identify and characterize a group of seminal vesicle secretion (Svs) proteins and to show that the gene Svs7 is evolving very rapidly, with many amino acid sites under positive selection. Another gene in this group, Svs5, showed evidence of branch-specific selection in the rat. We also found that Svs7 is under selection in primates and, by using three-dimensional models, demonstrated that the same regions have been under selection in both groups. Svs7 has been identified as mouse caltrin, a protein involved in sperm capacitation, the process responsible for the timing of changes in sperm activity and behavior, following ejaculation. We propose that the most likely explanation of the adaptive evolution of Svs7 that we have observed in rodents and primates stems from an important function in sperm competition.
| S-EPMC2727389 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Geminiviruses are DNA viruses that replicate in nuclei of infected plant cells using the plant DNA replication machinery, including PCNA (proliferating cellular nuclear antigen), a cofactor that orchestrates genome duplication and maintenance by recruiting crucial players to replication forks. These viruses encode a multifunctional protein, Rep, which is essential for viral replication, induces the accumulation of the host replication machinery, and interacts with several host proteins, including PCNA and the SUMO E2 conjugation enzyme (SCE1). Posttranslational modification of PCNA by ubiquitin or SUMO plays an essential role in the switching of PCNA between interacting partners during DNA metabolism processes (e.g., replication, recombination, and repair, etc.). In yeast, PCNA sumoylation has been associated with DNA repair involving homologous recombination (HR). Previously, we reported that ectopic Rep expression results in very specific changes in the sumoylation pattern of plant cells. In this work, we show, using a reconstituted sumoylation system in Escherichia coli, that tomato PCNA is sumoylated at two residues, K254 and K164, and that coexpression of the geminivirus protein Rep suppresses sumoylation at these lysines. Finally, we confirm that PCNA is sumoylated in planta and that Rep also interferes with PCNA sumoylation in plant cells.IMPORTANCE SUMO adducts have a key role in regulating the activity of animal and yeast PCNA on DNA repair and replication. Our work demonstrates for the first time that sumoylation of plant PCNA occurs in plant cells and that a plant virus interferes with this modification. This work marks the importance of sumoylation in allowing viral infection and replication in plants. Moreover, it constitutes a prime example of how viral proteins interfere with posttranslational modifications of selected host factors to create a proper environment for infection.
| S-EPMC6146701 | biostudies-literature