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A comparison of bone matrix and tendon with particular reference to glycoprotein content.

ABSTRACT: Bone matrix and tendon are compared in terms of their carbohydrate and non-collagenous protein composition. The collagen content of both tissues was similar (90-91%), but bone matrix had at least three times as much sialic acid (0.28%) as tendon (0.08%). Smaller differences were found in the analysis of hexoses and hexosamines. After digestion with bacterial collagenase, about 9% of the total protein from both tissues was non-diffusible on dialysis, and this contained only 0.15% (bone) and 0.7% (tendon) of the original hydroxyproline; recovery of sialic acid was 86-87%. The collagenase-resistant soluble material amounted to about 9% (bone matrix) and 5% (tendon); the insoluble residues were 1 and 4% respectively. There were clear differences in the carbohydrate contents of the digests, but the amino acid compositions were similar. When the soluble digests were chromatographed on DEAE-cellulose, the elution profiles indicated the presence in each tissue of a variety of glycoproteins and a proteoglycan fraction, and showed clearly that an acidic glycoprotein corresponding to bone sialoprotein was not present in tendon.

SUBMITTER: Herring GM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1164178 | biostudies-other | 1976 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:BackgroundTrans-calcaneal suture technique is an economical and effective method for repairing Achilles tendon sleeve avulsion. Whether cancellous bone fixation upon this technique could accelerate tendon-to-bone healing is unknown. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of cortical versus cancellous bone fixation on tendon-bone healing with a novel rat trans-calcaneal suture model.MethodsTrans-calcaneal suture treatment was carried out on the right hindlimb in male Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 80). They were randomly divided into the cortical group (Achilles fixed to the calcaneal cortical bone, n = 40) and the cancellous group (Achilles fixed to the calcaneal cancellous bone, n = 40). Gait analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed 1, 4, 7, and 14 days after the operation. Gross observation, biomechanical analysis, micro-CT, and histological analysis were performed 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. Independent-samples t tests were used for comparison between groups.ResultsAt 1, 4, and 7 days, the swing time of the affected limb in the cancellous group decreased, while the duty cycle, the maximum contact area, the print area, and the mean intensity increased significantly. The cross-sectional area of the tendon-bone junction in the cancellous group was smaller, and the failure load and stiffness were higher 4 weeks after the operation. The cancellous group showed more proportion of new bone and a relatively well-organized and dense connective tissue interface with better fibrocartilage-like tissue at 4 weeks after the operation. The ratio of ED2 + macrophages in the cancellous group was significantly higher than in the cortical group on 1, 4, 7, and 14 days. There were no significant differences in gait at 2 weeks, in appearance, biomechanics, new bone formation, and histology at 8 weeks after surgery between the two groups.ConclusionIn the new rat trans-calcaneal suture model, cancellous fixation can accelerate tendon-to-bone healing in the early stage, which perhaps is related to the abundant bone marrow tissue in the cancellous bone that modulates the inflammatory processes.

Project description:The use of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) as a cell source for musculoskeletal tissue engineering has not been compared with that of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). This study compared the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and embryonic stem cells (ESC) markers, clonogenicity, proliferative capacity, and multilineage differentiation potential of rat TDSC and BMSC in vitro. The MSC and ESC marker profiles of paired TDSC and BMSC were compared using flow cytometry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. Their clonogenicity and proliferative capacity were compared using colony-forming and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine assays, respectively. The expression of tenogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic markers at basal state were examined using qRT-PCR. Their osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation potentials were compared using standard assays. TDSC and BMSC showed similar expression of CD90 and CD73. TDSC expressed higher levels of Oct4 than BMSC. TDSC exhibited higher clonogenicity, proliferated faster, and expressed higher tenomodulin, scleraxis, collagen 1 ? 1 (Col1A1), decorin, alkaline phosphatase, Col2A1, and biglycan messenger RNA levels than BMSC. There was higher calcium nodule formation and osteogenic marker expression in TDSC than BMSC upon osteogenic induction. More chondrocyte-like cells and higher glycosaminoglycan deposition and chondrogenic marker expression were observed in TDSC than BMSC upon chondrogenic induction. There were more oil droplets and expression of an adipogenic marker in TDSC than BMSC upon adipogenic induction. TDSC expressed higher Oct4 levels, which was reported to positively regulate mesendodermal lineage differentiation, showed higher clonogenicity and proliferative capacity, and had greater tenogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic markers and differentiation potential than BMSC. TDSC might be a better cell source than BMSC for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration.

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A comparison of bone matrix and tendon with particular reference to glycoprotein content.

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