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Induced transcription-dependent synthesis of mitochondrial reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase in Drosophila.

ABSTRACT: Salivary glands of Drosophila hydei recovering from an anaerobic treatment show a significant increase in apparent Vmax of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase. This increase in Vmax is based on an increase in enzyme molecules resulting from synthesis de novo in the cytoplasm, as indicated by the inhibition by cycloheximide of both the increase in apparent Vmax and the increase in amino acid incorporation into enzyme fractions. The increase in enzyme activity is also inhibited by actinomycin D, which is in support of previous data indicating a casual relationship between transcription in puff 4-81B in the polytene chromosomes and an increase in apparent Vmax of the enzyme. Gel electrophoresis of mitochondrial protein extracts revealed three protein fractions with NADH dehydrogenase activity. All three fractions showed increased activity as well as increased amino acid labelling in glands recovering from anaerobiosis compared with control glands. The data suggest that the increase in mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase activity in salivary glands recovering from an anaerobic treatment depends on increased gene transcription.

SUBMITTER: Koninkx JF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1172434 | biostudies-other | 1975 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:1. Superovulated rat ovary was found to contain high activities of NADP-malate dehydrogenase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase. The activity of each enzyme was approximately four times that of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and equalled or exceeded the activities reported to be present in other mammalian tissues. Fractionation of a whole tissue homogenate of superovulated rat ovary indicated that both enzymes were exclusively cytoplasmic. The tissue was also found to contain pyruvate carboxylase (exclusively mitochondrial), NAD-malate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase (both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic) and ATP-citrate lyase (exclusively cytoplasmic). 2. The kinetic properties of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NADP-malate dehydrogenase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase were determined and compared with the whole-tissue concentrations of their substrates and NADPH; NADPH is a competitive inhibitor of all three enzymes. The concentrations of glucose 6-phosphate, malate and isocitrate in incubated tissue slices were raised at least tenfold by the addition of glucose to the incubation medium, from the values below to values above the respective K(m) values of the dehydrogenases. Glucose doubled the tissue concentration of NADPH. 3. Steroidogenesis from acetate is stimulated by glucose in slices of superovulated rat ovary incubated in vitro. It was found that this stimulatory effect of glucose can be mimicked by malate, isocitrate, lactate and pyruvate. 4. It is concluded that NADP-malate dehydrogenase or NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase or both may play an important role in the formation of NADPH in the superovulated rat ovary. It is suggested that the stimulatory effect of glucose on steroidogenesis from acetate results from an increased rate of NADPH formation through one or both dehydrogenases, brought about by the increases in the concentrations of malate, isocitrate or both. Possible pathways involving the two enzymes are discussed.

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Induced transcription-dependent synthesis of mitochondrial reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase in Drosophila.

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