Metabolism of sodium oestrone ( 35 S)sulphate in the rat.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Dolly JO
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1176931 | biostudies-other | 1971 Jun
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Intraperitoneal administration of sodium oestrone [(35)S]sulphate to male and female free-ranging guinea pigs is followed by excretion of most of the radioactivity mainly as inorganic [(35)S]sulphate in the urine within 72h. The remainder of the radioactivity in the urine was found in oestrone [(35)S]sulphate, two unidentified metabolites (A and B) and traces of oestradiol-17beta 3-[(35)S]sulphate. When injected intraperitoneally into animals with bile-duct and bladder cannulae, most of the dose was excreted in the bile. Unchanged oestrone [(35)S]sulphate was the main biliary component excreted in males and females, but the latter also excreted appreciable amounts of oestradiol-17beta 3-[(35)S]sulphate and metabolites A and B. The urine from these animals also contained these metabolites, inorganic [(35)S]sulphate and also oestrone [(35)S]sulphate, but in small amounts. Metabolite A was present only in samples from males. Whole body radioautography pinpointed the liver and kidney as the possible sites of metabolism of the ester. The ester underwent little desulphation in the isolated perfused female guinea-pig liver and in animals in which kidney function had been eliminated, and was excreted unchanged in the bile. These results and the observed low oestrogen sulphatase and arylsulphatase C activities found in guinea-pig liver and kidney support the view that the two enzymes are identical.
| S-EPMC1173770 | biostudies-other
Project description:The metabolism of [4-(14)C]oestrone and of [6,7-(3)H(2)]oestrone sulphate was studied during cyclic perfusion and once-through perfusion of the isolated rat liver. The following results were obtained. 1. As shown by once-through perfusion, the two steroids are metabolized differently during the first passage through the organ. [4-(14)C]Oestrone was taken up by the liver and partly delivered as oestradiol-17beta and oestriol into the medium. After uptake of [6,7-(3)H(2)]oestrone sulphate, only oestrone, liberated by hydrolysis, was delivered into the medium; no oestradiol-17beta or oestriol could be detected in the medium after one passage through the organ. This indicates that intracellular oestrone, which was taken up as such, and oestrone, which derived from intracellular hydrolysis, may be metabolized in different compartments of the liver cell. 2. The results of the cyclic perfusion showed that intracellular oestrone is preferentially conjugated with glucuronic acid, and subsequently excreted into the bile. Intracellular oestrone sulphate is preferably reduced to oestradiol sulphate, thus indicating that oestrone sulphate is a better substrate for the 17beta-hydroxy steroid oxidoreductase than is oestrone. 3. Albumin-bound oestrone sulphate acts as a large reservoir, and in contrast with free oestrone is protected from enzyme attack by its strong binding to albumin. 4. Oestrone sulphate is partly converted into the hormonally active oestrone by liver tissue. This suggests that liver not only inactivates oestrogens, but also provides the organism with oestrone, which is subsequently readily taken up by other organs.
| S-EPMC1165018 | biostudies-other
Project description:1. The metabolism of sodium cortisone 21-[(35)S]sulphate was investigated in rats. 2. Quantitative and qualitative experiments showed that substantial amounts of (35)SO(4) (2-) appeared in the urine of free-ranging rats receiving the ester. 3. Whole-body radioautograms indicated considerable biliary elimination of (35)S and also pointed to the liver as the site of metabolism. 4. When female rats with bile-duct cannulae received sodium cortisone 21-[(35)S]sulphate approx. 70% of the dose appeared in the bile as a doubly conjugated steroid (metabolite I). This metabolite was identified as 3alpha-(beta-d-glucopyranuronosido)- 17alpha-hydroxy-21-[(35)S]sulpho-oxy-5alpha-pregnane-11,20-dione. 5. When metabolite I was administered to a rat with a bile-duct cannula 90% of the dose appeared in the bile unchanged. After the administration (intraperitoneally or orally) of metabolite I to free-ranging rats considerable amounts of (35)SO(4) (2-) appeared in the urine. 6. The route by which (35)SO(4) (2-) might be produced from cortisone [(35)S]sulphate in free-ranging animals is discussed.
| S-EPMC1178763 | biostudies-other
Project description:The metabolic fates of the synthetic surfactants, sodium [1-(14)C]undecyltriethoxy sulphate and sodium [1-(14)C]dodecyltriethoxy sulphate were studied in the rat. Both compounds were extensively metabolized regardless of the route of administration, oral, intraperitoneal or intravenous. Short-chain radioactive products were eliminated in the urine: the major metabolite of the dodecyl homologue in the urine was identified as (-)O(2)C(14)CH(2)- (OC(2)H(4))(3)OSO(3) (-) by n.m.r. and g.l.c.-mass spectrometry, whereas the major metabolite of the undecyl homologue in the urine was tentatively identified as (-)O(2)CCH(2) (14)CH(2)- (OC(2)H(4))(3)OSO(3) (-). In contrast with experiments with the dodecyl derivative, when [1-(14)C]undecyltriethoxy sulphate was administered to rats, appreciable amounts of radioactivity were recovered as (14)CO(2) in expired air. Whole-body radioautography implicated the liver as the major site of metabolism of both surfactants. The nature of the metabolic products establishes that both compounds are degraded by omega,beta-oxidation. Cleavage of the ether linkage proximal to the sulphate moiety may account for the small amounts of (14)CO(2) recovered in expired air after the administration of [1-(14)C]dodecyltriethoxy sulphate. It is suggested the substantial amounts of (14)CO(2) recovered after [1-(14)C]-undecyltriethoxy sulphate administration originate from (-)O(2) (14)C(OC(2)H(4))(3) OSO(3) (-), an unstable product of omega,beta-oxidation. An n.m.r. spectrum of the metabolite identified as 2-(triethoxy sulphate)acetic acid and a mass spectrum of the trimethylsilyl derivative of the parent alcohol of that metabolite have been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP50086 (5 pages) at the British Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1978) 169, 5.
| S-EPMC1185928 | biostudies-other
Project description:The metabolic fate of potassium dodecyl [(35)S]sulphate was studied in rats. Intraperitoneal and oral administration of the ester into free-ranging animals were followed by the excretion of the bulk of the radioactivity in the urine within 12hr., approximately 17% being eliminated as inorganic [(35)S]sulphate. Similar results were obtained in experiments in which potassium dodecyl [(35)S]sulphate was injected intravenously into anaesthetized rats with bile-duct and ureter cannulae. Analysis of urinary radioactivity revealed the presence of a new ester sulphate (metabolite A). This metabolite was isolated, purified and subsequently identified as the sulphate ester of 4-hydroxybutyric acid by paper, thin-layer and gas chromatography, by paper electrophoresis and by comparison of its properties with those of authentic butyric acid 4-sulphate. The identity of the metabolite was confirmed by isotope-dilution experiments. When either purified metabolite A or authentic potassium butyric acid 4[(35)S]-sulphate was administered to free-ranging rats the bulk of the radioactivity was eliminated unchanged in the urine within 12hr., approx. 20% of the dose appearing as inorganic [(35)S]sulphate. Whole-body radioautography and isolated-liver-perfusion experiments implicated the liver as the major site of metabolism of potassium dodecyl [(35)S]sulphate. It is suggested that butyric acid 4-sulphate probably arises by omega-oxidation of dodecyl sulphate to a fatty acid-like compound, which is then degraded by beta-oxidation.
| S-EPMC1187492 | biostudies-other
Project description:Obesity is an independent adverse prognostic factor in early breast cancer patients, but it is still controversial whether obesity may affect adjuvant endocrine therapy efficacy. The aim of our study (ancillary to the two clinical trials Gruppo Italiano Mammella (GIM)4 and GIM5) was to investigate whether the circulating oestrogen levels during treatment with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole are related to body mass index (BMI) in postmenopausal women with breast cancer.Plasma concentration of oestrone sulphate (ES) was evaluated by radioimmunoassay in 370 patients. Plasma samples were obtained after at least 6 weeks of letrozole therapy (steady-state time). Patients were divided into four groups according to BMI. Differences among the geometric means (by ANOVA and ANCOVA) and correlation (by Spearman's rho) between the ES levels and BMI were assessed.Picomolar geometric mean values (95% confidence interval, n=patients) of circulating ES during letrozole were 58.6 (51.0-67.2, n=150) when BMI was <25.0 kg m(-2); 65.6 (57.8-74.6, n=154) when 25.0-29.9 kg m(-2); 59.3 (47.1-74.6, n=50) when 30.0-34.9 kg m(-2); and 43.3 (23.0-81.7, n=16) when ?35.0 kg m(-2). No statistically significant difference in terms of ES levels among groups and no correlation with BMI were observed.Body mass index does not seem to affect circulating oestrogen levels in letrozole-treated patients.
| S-EPMC3950872 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background & Aims: Dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in rats is one of the most widely used models of inflammatory bowel disease. Animal models can provide new insights into the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation, which is still unknown. We have performed a genomic analysis of the DSS rat colitis including an acute and a recovery phase. Methods: Expression profile of 6 control rats were compared with colitic rats at day 1 every other day until day 23 after DSS treatment using the GeneChip Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array (Affymetrix). Functional and pathways analysis were made with the differentially expressed genes. Experiment Overall Design: Experimental design: DSS was administered to animals in drinking water as follows:5%DSS from day 1 to 7, 3%DSS from day 8 to 15, 0% DSS from day 16 to 23. Samples were recovered at days 1, 3, 5, 7 (5%DSS), 9, 11, 13, 15 (2%DSS), 17, 19, 21 and 23 (0%DSS). According to inflammatory markers (Myeloperoxidase activity activity, body weight loss, colonic weigth/length ratio), three replicates at each time point were selected for genomic analysis and 6 control healthy rats (42 arrays). Experiment Overall Design: RNA was extracted from homogenized full-thickness colonic tissues in Trizol® reagent (Invitrogen) and purified with RNeasy affinity columns (Qiagen), according to manufacturer´s protocol. The microarray analysis was performed by Progenika Biopharma (Bilbao, Spain) on GeneChip® Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array (Affymetrix). All sample labeling (biotin), hybridization, staining and scanning procedures were carried out using Affimetrix, standard protocols (www.affymetrix.com). Normalization was carried out using Bioconductor sofware (affyPLM package).
2008-11-13 | E-GEOD-9281 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Gut inflammation caused by various factors including microbial infection leads to disorder of absorption of dietary nutrients and decrease in egg production in laying hens. We hypothesized that intestinal inflammation may affect egg production in laying hens through its impact on liver function. Dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) is known to induce intestinal inflammation in mammals, but whether it also induces inflammation in laying hens is not known. The goal of this study was to assess whether oral administration of DSS is a useful model of intestinal inflammation in laying hens and to characterize the effects of intestinal inflammation on egg production using this model. White Leghorn hens (350-day old) were administrated with or without 0.9 g of DSS/kg BW in drinking water for 5 D (n = 8, each). All laid eggs were collected, and their whole and eggshell weights were recorded. Blood was collected every day and used for biochemical analysis. Liver and intestinal tissues (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, cecal-tonsil, and colon) were collected 1 D after the final treatment. These tissue samples were used for histological analysis and PCR analysis. Oral administration of DSS in laying hens caused 1) histological disintegration of the cecal mucosal epithelium and increased monocyte/macrophage infiltration and IL-1?, IL-6, CXCLi2, IL-10, and TGF?-4 gene expression; 2) decreased egg production; 3) increased leukocyte infiltration and IL-1?, CXCLi2, and IL-10 expression in association with a high frequency of lipopolysaccharide-positive cells in the liver; and 4) decreased expression of genes related to lipid synthesis, lipoprotein uptake, and yolk precursor production. These results suggested that oral administration of DSS is a useful method for inducing intestinal inflammation in laying hens, and intestinal inflammation may reduce egg production by disrupting egg yolk precursor production in association with liver inflammation.
| S-EPMC7587789 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background & Aims: Dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in rats is one of the most widely used models of inflammatory bowel disease. Animal models can provide new insights into the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation, which is still unknown. We have performed a genomic analysis of the DSS rat colitis including an acute and a recovery phase. Methods: Expression profile of 6 control rats were compared with colitic rats at day 1 every other day until day 23 after DSS treatment using the GeneChip Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array (Affymetrix). Functional and pathways analysis were made with the differentially expressed genes. Keywords: Time course and differentially expressed genes analysis
2008-11-01 | GSE9281 | GEO
Project description:Rat liver cells grown in primary cultures in the presence of [(35)S]sulphate synthesize a labelled heparan sulphate-like glycosaminoglycan. The characterization of the polysaccharide as heparan sulphate is based on its resistance to digestion with chondroitinase ABC or hyaluronidase and its susceptibility to HNO(2) treatment. The sulphate groups (including sulphamino and ester sulphate groups) are distributed along the polymer in the characteristic block fashion. In (3)H-labelled heparan sulphate, isolated after incubation of the cells with [(3)H]galactose, 40% of the radioactive uronic acid units are l-iduronic acid, the remainder being d-glucuronic acid. The location of heparan sulphate at the rat liver cell surface is demonstrated; part of the labelled polysaccharide can be removed from the cells by mild treatment with trypsin or heparitinase. Further, a purified plasma-membrane fraction isolated from rats previously injected with [(35)S]sulphate contains radioactively labelled heparan sulphate. A proteoglycan macromolecule composed of heparan sulphate chains attached to a protein core can be solubilized from the membrane fraction by extraction with 6m-guanidinium chloride. The proteoglycan structure is degraded by treatment with papain, Pronase or alkali. The production of heparan [(35)S]sulphate by rat liver cells incubated in the presence of [(35)S]sulphate was followed. Initially the amount of labelled polysaccharide increased with increasing incubation time. However, after 10h of incubation a steady state was reached where biosynthetic and degradative processes were in balance.
| S-EPMC1164759 | biostudies-other