Acid-soluble phosphorus compounds in mammalian semen.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Brooks DE
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1179296 | biostudies-other | 1970 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Background and aimsNatural and semi-natural, non-fertilized calcareous soils are consistently low in soluble and easily exchangeable phosphate. An over-utilization, or possibly an immobilization, of inorganic P in the tissues of calcifuge plants may take place, if such plants are forced to grow on a calcareous soil, though this has not been experimentally demonstrated. The objectives of this study are, therefore, to elucidate if calcifuge plants, when forced to develop on a calcareous soil, not only have lower total P (Ptot) concentrations in their leaves than calcicole plants grown on such soil, but also a lower proportion of Ptot as water-soluble, inorganic phosphate. Such differences may be of importance in understanding the calcicole-calcifuge behaviour of plants.Materials and methodsPlants of five calcicole and five calcifuge herbs and three calcicole and three calcifuge grasses were cultivated in a glasshouse on a moderately acid Cambisol and a calcareous Rendzic Leptosol using seeds of wild populations from southern Sweden. The calcifuges were: Corynephorus canescens, Deschampsia flexuosa, Holcus mollis, Digitalis purpurea, Lychnis viscaria, Rumex acetosella, Scleranthus annuus and Silene rupestris. The calcicoles were: Melica ciliata, Phleum phleoides, Sesleria caerulea, Arabis hirsuta, Sanguisorba minor, Scabiosa columbaria, Silene uniflora ssp. petraea and Veronica spicata.Key resultsAt harvest, calcifuges had much lower leaf tissue concentrations of Ptot and Pi than calcicoles when grown on the calcareous soil, and biomass production of the calcifuges was poor on this soil. Moreover, the calcifuge herbs had, on average, a lower proportion of their Ptot as Pi than had the calcicole herbs. The calcifuge herbs were also unable to avoid excessive uptake of Ca from the calcareous soil. The calcifuge grasses maintained a similar proportion of Ptot as Pi as the calcicole grasses, but their growth was still poor on the calcareous soil.ConclusionsOn calcareous soil, very little Pi in the tissues of calcifuge herbs is, at any time, available for use in various physiological functions. This is of importance to their photosynthesis, growth, competition and final survival on such soils.
| S-EPMC4242187 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Constraining σ3 -P compounds in nontrigonal, entatic geometries has proven to be an effective strategy for promoting biphilic oxidative addition reactions more typical of transition metals. Although qualitative descriptions of the impact of structure and symmetry on σ3 -P complexes have been proposed, electronic structure variations responsible for biphilic reactivity have yet to be elucidated experimentally. Reported here are P K-edge XANES data and complementary TDDFT calculations for a series of structurally modified P(N)3 complexes that both validate and quantify electronic structure variations proposed to give rise to biphilic reactions at phosphorus. These data are presented alongside experimentally referenced electronic structure calculations that reveal nontrigonal structures predicted to further enhance biphilic reactivity in σ3 -P ligands and catalysts.
| S-EPMC6513703 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Fertilization in animals is a complex sequence of several biochemical events beginning with the insemination into the female reproductive tract and, finally, leading to embryogenesis. Studies by Kitajima and co-workers (Miyata, S., Sato, C., and Kitajima, K. (2007) Trends Glycosci. Glyc, 19, 85-98) demonstrated the presence of polysialic acid (polySia) on sea urchin sperm. Based on these results, we became interested in the potential involvement of sialic acid polymers in mammalian fertilization. Therefore, we isolated human sperm and performed analyses, including Western blotting and mild 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene-HPLC, that revealed the presence ?2,8-linked polySia chains. Further analysis by a glyco-proteomics approach led to the identification of two polySia carriers. Interestingly, besides the neural cell adhesion molecule, the polysialyltransferase ST8SiaII has also been found to be a target for polysialylation. Further analysis of testis and epididymis tissue sections demonstrated that only epithelial cells of the caput were polySia-positive. During the epididymal transit, polySia carriers were partially integrated into the sperm membrane of the postacrosomal region. Because polySia is known to counteract histone as well as neutrophil extracellular trap-mediated cytotoxicity against host cells, which plays a role after insemination, we propose that polySia in semen represents a cytoprotective element to increase the number of vital sperm.
| S-EPMC3696658 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Legumes play critical dual roles in grazed grassland ecosystems; providing nitrogen inputs and high-quality feed for grazing livestock. However, many species fail to persist in acidic, low fertility soils. A glasshouse study was conducted to investigate the response of lucerne (Medicago sativa) to phosphogypsum (PG), lime and soluble P + S fertilizer (PS) application to two soils. Phosphorus and sulphur were applied through either PG (0, 1, 3 and 9 t ha-1) or P + S fertilizer at equivalent rates to PG. Both PG and PS were applied with or without lime, which was applied at 2 t ha-1. Yield and nutrient uptake of the lucerne was measured, while the soil was analyzed for pH, Olsen P and exchangeable aluminum. Yield responses were significantly different between the two soils. Maximum yields and P and S uptakes were obtained under PG 9 t ha-1 combined with lime. Exchangeable Al decreased in both soils under 1 ha-1 of PG compared with the control. At the highest rate, Olsen P increased by 8 and 6 mg kg-1 for PG and by 6 and 11 mg kg-1 for PS compared with the control for Glenmore and Molesworth soils respectively. Phosphogypsum showed positive effects on P and S bioavailability.
| S-EPMC7411756 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Phosphorus (P) is a valuable, nonrenewable resource in agriculture promoting crop growth. P losses through surface runoff and subsurface drainage discharge beneath the root zone is a loss of investment. P entering surface water contributes to eutrophication of freshwater environments, impacting tourism, human health, environmental safety, and property values. Soluble P (SP) from subsurface drainage is nearly all bioavailable and is a significant contributor to freshwater eutrophication. The research objective was to select phosphorus sorbing media (PSM) best suited for removing SP from subsurface drainage discharge. From the preliminary research and literature, PSM with this potential were steel furnace slag (SFS) and a nano-engineered media (NEM). The PSM were evaluated using typical subsurface drainage P concentrations in column experiments, then with an economic analysis for a study site in Michigan. Both the SFS and generalized NEM (GNEM) removed soluble reactive phosphorus from 0.50 to below 0.05 mg/L in laboratory column experiments. The most cost-effective option from the study site was the use of the SFS, then disposing it each year, costing $906/hectare/year for the case study. GNEM that was regenerated onsite had a very similar cost. The most expensive option was the use of GNEM to remove P, including regeneration at the manufacturer, costing $1641/hectare/year. This study suggests that both SFS and NEM are both suited for treating drainage discharge. The use of SFS was more economical for the study site, but each site needs to be individually considered.
| S-EPMC7593909 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Black phosphorus intercalation compounds (BPICs) with alkali metals (namely: K and Na) have been synthesized in bulk by solid-state as well as vapor-phase reactions. By means of a combination of in?situ X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and DFT calculations the structural behavior of the BPICs at different intercalation stages has been demonstrated for the first time. Our results provide a glimpse into the very first steps of a new family of intercalation compounds, with a distinct behavior as compared to its graphite analogues (GICs), showing a remarkable structural complexity and a dynamic behavior.
| S-EPMC5846882 | biostudies-other
Project description:Low phosphorus (P) availability in soils is a major challenge for sustainable food production, as most soil P is often unavailable for plant uptake and effective strategies to access this P are limited. Certain soil occurring bacteria and root exudate-derived compounds that release P are in combination promising tools to develop applications that increase phosphorus use efficiency in crops. Here, we studied the ability of root exudate compounds (galactinol, threonine, and 4-hydroxybutyric acid) induced under low P conditions to stimulate the ability of bacteria to solubilize P. Galactinol, threonine, and 4-hydroxybutyric acid were incubated with the P solubilizing bacterial strains Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, and Bacillus thuringiensis under either inorganic (calcium phosphate) or organic (phytin) forms of plant-unavailable P. Overall, we found that the addition of individual root exudate compounds did not support bacterial growth rates. However, root exudates supplemented to the different bacterial appeared to enhance P solubilizing activity and overall P availability. Threonine and 4-hydroxybutyric acid induced P solubilization in all three bacterial strains. Subsequent exogenous application of threonine to soils improved the root growth of corn, enhanced nitrogen and P concentrations in roots and increased available levels of potassium, calcium and magnesium in soils. Thus, it appears that threonine might promote the bacterial solubilization and plant-uptake of a variety of nutrients. Altogether, these findings expand on the function of exuded specialized compounds and propose alternative approaches to unlock existing phosphorus reservoirs of P in crop lands.
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Project description:The elusive monosubstituted diruthenium complexes [Ru2Cl(DAniF)(O2CMe)3] (1), [Ru2Cl(DPhF)(O2CMe)3] (2), [Ru2Cl(D-p-CNPhF)(O2CMe)3] (3), [Ru2Cl(D-o-TolF)(O2CMe)3] (4), [Ru2Cl(D-m-TolF)(O2CMe)3] (5), [Ru2Cl(D-p-TolF)(O2CMe)3] (6) and [Ru2Cl(p-TolA)(O2CMe)3] (7) have been synthesized using for the first time ultrasound-assisted synthesis to carry out a substitution reaction in metal-metal bonded dinuclear compounds (DAniF- = N,N'-bis(4-anisyl)formamidinate; DPhF- = N,N'-diphenylformamidinate; D-p-CNPhF- = N,N'-bis(4-cyanophenyl)formamidinate; D-o/m/p-TolF- = N,N'-bis(2/3/4-tolyl)formamidinate; p-TolA- = N-4-tolylamidate). This is a simpler and greener method than the tedious procedures described in the literature, and it has permitted to obtain water-soluble complexes with good yields in a short period of time. A synthetic study has been implemented to find the best experimental conditions to prepare compounds 1-7. Two different types of ligands, formamidinate and amidate, have been used to check the generality of the method for the preparation of monosubstituted complexes. Five new compounds (2-6) have been obtained using a formamidinate ligand, the synthesis of the previously described compound 1 has been improved, and an unprecedented monoamidate complex has been achieved (7). The crystal structures of compounds 3 and 7 have been solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction. These compounds show the typical paddlewheel structure with three acetate ligands and one formamidinate (3) or amidate (7) bridging ligand at the equatorial positions. The axial positions are occupied by the chloride ligand giving rise to one-dimensional polymer structures that were previously unknown for monosubstituted compounds.
| S-EPMC8605285 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The effects of guanidinium salts in decreasing the renaturation rate and lowering the thermal stability of acid-soluble calf-skin collagen have been compared with those of formamide and urea. With the exception of guanidinium sulphate at higher concentrations, no qualitative differences were apparent in the effects of these perturbants, which thus differed only in molar activity. Activity variation in the guanidinium salts reflected a net effect resulting from additivity of cation and anion contributions. As observed in other protein systems, lyotropic activity increased in the series formamide<urea<guanidinium ion, and in the guanidinium salts in the anion order fluoride<sulphate<chloride<bromide<nitrate<iodide. Low activities of guanidinium fluoride and sulphate were attributable to counter-effects of the anions, which acted as structural stabilizers. Changes in renaturation kinetics induced by either temperature or added perturbants appeared to conform with the Flory-Weaver model for the collagen transition. Additivity and non-specificity of the observed effects are discussed with particular reference to a common mechanism involving weak, non-saturated binding of perturbants at protein peptide groups.
| S-EPMC1178795 | biostudies-other
Project description:This manuscript presents new method of phosphorus recovery from aqueous solutions in a convenient form of readily-soluble phosphates using chitosan hydrogels. Non-modified chitosan hydrogel granules (CHs) and chitosan hydrogel granules crosslinked with epichlorohydrin (CHs-ECH) served as orthophosphate ion carriers. The developed method was based on cyclic sorption/desorption of orthophosphates, with desorption performed in each cycle to the same solution (the concentrate). The concentrations of orthophosphates obtained in the concentrates depended on, i.a., sorbent type, sorption pH, source solution concentration, and desorption pH. Phosphorus concentrations in the concentrates were even 30 times higher than these in the source solutions. The maximum concentrate concentrations reached 332.0 mg P-PO4/L for CHs and 971.6 mg P-PO4/L for CHs-ECH. The experimental series with CHs-ECH were characterized by higher concentrations of the obtained concentrate, however the concentrates were also more contaminated with Cl- and Na+ ions compared to series with CHs. The high content of chlorine and sodium ions in the concentrates was also favored by the low pH of sorption (pH < 4) and very high pH of desorption (pH > 12) in the cycles. After concentrate evaporation, phosphorus content in the sediment ranged from 17.81 to 19.83% for CHs and from 16.04 to 17.74% for CHs-ECH.
| S-EPMC8373865 | biostudies-literature