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The purified and reconstituted ornithine/citrulline carrier from rat liver mitochondria: electrical nature and coupling of the exchange reaction with H+ translocation.

ABSTRACT: The mechanism and the electrical nature of ornithine/citrulline exchange has been investigated in proteoliposomes reconstituted with the ornithine/citrulline carrier purified from rat liver mitochondria. The stoichiometry of the exchanging substrates was close to 1:1. The exchange was not affected by inducing electrogenic flux of K+ with valinomycin. In contrast, the pH gradient generated by the K+/H+ exchanger nigericin in the presence of an outwardly directed K+ gradient stimulated the ornithineout/citrullinein exchange, but not the ornithine/ornithine homoexchange. Experiments in which either the internal or the external pH was varied, while keeping constant the pH in the other compartment, indicated that maximal exchange rates are found at pH 6 in the compartment containing citrulline and at pH 8 in the compartment containing ornithine. Changes in fluorescence of the pH indicator pyranine, included inside the proteoliposomes, showed that the exchanges ornithineout/citrullinein and citrullineout/ornithinein are accompanied by translocation of H+ in the same direction as citrulline. It is concluded that the mitochondrial ornithine/citrulline carrier catalyses an electroneutral exchange of ornithine+ for citrulline plus an H+. A reasonable model is one in which ornithine binds to a deprotonated carrier and citrulline to a protonated carrier and both substrate-carrier complexes are neutral. The physiological implications of this transport process are discussed.

SUBMITTER: Indiveri C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1218800 | biostudies-other | 1997 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:Derivatization of amino acids by 2 M HCl/CH3OH (60 min, 80 °C) followed by derivatization of the intermediate methyl esters with pentafluoropropionic anhydride (PFPA) in ethyl acetate (30 min, 65 °C) is a useful two-step derivatization procedure (procedure A) for their quantitative measurement in biological samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as methyl ester pentafluoropropionic (PFP) derivatives, (Me)m-(PFP)n. This procedure allows in situ preparation of trideutero-methyl esters PFP derivatives, (d3Me)m-(PFP)n, from synthetic amino acids and 2 M HCl/CD3OD for use as internal standards. However, procedure A converts citrulline (Cit) to ornithine (Orn) and homocitrulline (hCit) to lysine (Lys) due to the instability of their carbamide groups under the acidic conditions of the esterification step. In the present study, we investigated whether reversing the order of the two-step derivatization may allow discrimination and simultaneous analysis of these amino acids. Pentafluoropropionylation (30 min, 65 °C) and subsequent methyl esterification (30 min, 80 °C), i.e., procedure B, of Cit resulted in the formation of six open and cyclic reaction products. The most abundant product is likely to be N5-Carboxy-Orn. The second most abundant product was confirmed to be Orn. The most abundant reaction product of hCit was confirmed to be Lys, with the minor reaction product likely being N6-Carboxy-Lys. Mechanisms are proposed for the formation of the reaction products of Cit and hCit via procedure B. It is assumed that at the first derivatization step, amino acids form (N,O)-PFP derivatives including mixed anhydrides. At the second derivatization step, the Cit-(PFP)4 and hCit-(PFP)4 are esterified on their C1-Carboxylic groups and on their activated Nureido groups. Procedure B also allows in situ preparation of (d3Me)m-(PFP)n from synthetic amino acids for use as internal standards. It is demonstrated that the derivatization procedure B enables discrimination between Cit and Orn, and between hCit and Lys. The utility of procedure B to measure simultaneously these amino acids in biological samples such as plasma and urine remains to be demonstrated. Further work is required to optimize the derivatization conditions of procedure B for biological amino acids.

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The purified and reconstituted ornithine/citrulline carrier from rat liver mitochondria: electrical nature and coupling of the exchange reaction with H+ translocation.

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