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Haem insertion, dimerization and reactivation of haem-free rat neuronal nitric oxide synthase.

ABSTRACT: The nitric oxide synthases are dimeric enzymes in which the intersubunit contacts are formed by the P-450-haem-containing, tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent oxygenase domain. The dimerization of the neuronal isoenzyme was shown previously to be triggered by Fe-protoporphyrin IX (haemin). We report for the first time the reactivation of the haem-deficient neuronal isoenzyme (from rat, expressed in a baculovirus/insect cell system) after haem reconstitution. We further examined the reconstitution of the enzyme with protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) and its Mn and Co complexes. All of these porphyrins inserted into the haem pocket, as assessed by quenching of intrinsic protein fluorescence. In addition to haemin, MnPPIX stimulated dimerization, as measured by gel filtration and by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. In contrast, neither CoPPIX nor PPIX stimulated dimerization. The absorbance spectra of the reconstituted enzymes were measured and compared with published results on P-450 enzymes reconstituted with the same metals. The results suggest that those metalloporphyrins which caused dimerization were able to acquire a thiolate ligand from the protein, and we propose that this ligation is the trigger for dimerization. Substrate and tetrahydrobiopterin binding sites only emerged with the metalloporphyrins that caused dimerization.

SUBMITTER: Hemmens B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1219487 | biostudies-other | 1998 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:Diabetic gastroparesis is a disorder that predominantly affects women. However, the biological basis of this sex bias remains completely unknown. In this study we tested the hypothesis that a component of this effect may be mediated by the nitrergic inhibitory system of the enteric nervous system. Age-matched male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were studied 8 or 12 wk after streptozotocin (55 mg/kg body wt ip)-induced sustained hyperglycemia and compared with controls. Solid gastric emptying (GE) studies were performed in all the groups. Changes in gastric antrum neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western immunoblotting, respectively. nNOS dimerization studies were performed using low-temperature SDS-PAGE. In vitro nitrergic relaxation (area under curve/mg tissue wt) was studied after the application of electric field stimulation in an organ bath. Changes in intragastric pressure (mmHg.s) in freely moving rats in the presence or absence of N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) were examined by an ambulatory telemetric method. After diabetes induction, GE is delayed in both male and female rats. However, diabetic females exhibited significant delayed GE than in diabetic males. Compared with male controls, gastric nNOS expression and nitrergic relaxation were substantially elevated in healthy female control rats, accompanied by significantly reduced intragastric pressure. The active dimeric form and dimer-to-monomer ratio of nNOSalpha were also higher in healthy females compared with male rats (P < 0.05). Diabetic females, but not males, showed significant (P < 0.05) impairment in both gastric nNOSalpha dimerization and nitrergic relaxation, accompanied by an increase in intragastric pressure. Our data provide evidence that females may have a greater dependency on the nitrergic mechanisms in health. Furthermore, diabetes seems to affect the nitrergic system to a greater extent in females than in males. Together, these changes may account for the greater vulnerability of females to diabetic gastric dysfunction.

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Haem insertion, dimerization and reactivation of haem-free rat neuronal nitric oxide synthase.

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