Differential regulation of cell motility and invasion by FAK.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Hsia DA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2173366 | biostudies-other | 2003 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Increasing cell mobility is the basis of tumor invasion and metastasis, and is therefore a therapeutic target for preventing the spread of many types of cancer. Septins are a family of cytoskeletal proteins with GTPase activity, and play a role in many important cellular functions, including cell migration. SEPT9 isoform 1 protein (SEPT9_i1) has been associated with breast tumor development and the enhancement of cell migration; however, the exact mechanism of how SEPT9_i1 might affect breast cancer progression remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that the expression of SEPT9_i1 positively correlated with paxillin, and both were significantly upregulated in invasive breast cancer tissues of patients with lymph node metastases. Lentivirus-mediated shRNA knockdown of SEPT9 in MCF-7 cells diminished tumor cell migration, focal adhesion (FA) maturation and the expression of β-actin, β-tubulin, Cdc42, RhoA, and Rac, whereas overexpression of SEPT9_i1 in SEPT9-knockdown MCF-7 cells promoted cell migration, FA maturation and relevant protein expression. Furthermore, overexpression of SEPT9_i1 in MCF-7 cells markedly increased FAK/Src/paxillin signaling, at least in part through RhoA/ROCK1 upstream activation. Transcriptome profiling suggested that SEPT9_i1 may directly affect "Focal adhesion" and "Regulation of actin cytoskeleton" signaling mechanisms. Finally, overexpression of SEPT9_i1 markedly enhanced lung metastases in vivo 6 weeks after tumor inoculation. These findings suggest that a mechanism of Septin-9-induced aberrant cancer cell migration is through cytoskeletal regulation and FA modulation, and encourages the use of SEPT9 as novel therapeutic target in the prevention of tumor metastasis.
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Project description:IntroductionT-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein (Tiam1) is a Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (Rac)-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor that was isolated based on its ability to induce a metastatic phenotype. In polarized migrating keratinocytes, Tiam1 is found at the leading edge where it cooperates with the Protease-activated receptor 1 (Par1) complex to establish front-rear polarity. Although a positive correlation has been observed between Tiam1 expression and tumor grade in a variety of human malignancies, including breast, its role in breast cancer cells has not yet been examined.MethodsTiam1 expression and Rac activity were examined in a panel of human breast cancer cell lines which exhibit different degrees of cell motility. The contribution of Tiam1 to cell motility was directly examined using transwell motility, and wound healing assays.ResultsAlthough we observe a striking, positive correlation between Tiam1 expression and cell motility in the panel of breast cancer cell lines, we do not observe a correlation between Tiam1 expression and overall levels of Rac activity. Consistent with this, small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA)-mediated suppression of Tiam1 expression limits the motility of cell lines in which Tiam1 expression is high (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453), but does not substantially alter the overall levels of activated Rac. Tiam1 overexpression is also not sufficient to increase the motility of more poorly motile cells (T-47D) or increase Rac activity. Immunofluorescence and cellular fractionations indicate that Tiam1 is found predominantly in the Golgi of breast cancer cells, and in the latter case Tiam1 was shown to co-fractionate with a limited pool of Rac1. Consistent with this Golgi localization, Tiam1 supports cell motility and Golgi reorientation in response to serum in a wound healing assay using MDA-MB-231and MDA-MB-435S cells.ConclusionsTiam1 expression correlates with cell motility in human breast cancer cells, and is required to support the motile phenotype. Localization of endogenous Tiam1 to the Golgi, and its demonstrated role in Golgi reorientation, suggest that it may support motility through a mechanism that is discrete from its known function in leading edge dynamics.
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Project description:Study questionCan of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht kisspeptin and its analogues regulate the motility of human decidual stromal cells and what intracellular signaling pathways are involved?Summary answerKisspeptin analogue-mediated cell motility in human decidual stromal cells via the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-steroid receptor coactivator (Src) pathway suggesting that kisspeptin may modulate embryo implantation and decidual programming in human pregnancy.What is known alreadyThe extravillous trophoblast invades the maternal decidua during embryo implantation and placentation. The motile behavior and invasive potential of decidual stromal cells regulate embryo implantation and programming of human pregnancy.Study design, size, durationHuman decidual stromal cells were isolated from healthy women undergoing elective termination of a normal pregnancy at 6- to 12-week gestation, after informed consent.Participants/materials, setting, methodsKisspeptin analogues were synthetic peptides. Cell motility was estimated by an invasion and migration assay. Immunoblot analysis was performed to investigate the expression of kisspeptin receptor and the effects of kisspeptin analogues on the phosphorylation of FAK and Src. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were used to knock down the expression of kisspeptin receptor, FAK, Src, matrix metallo-proteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9, and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2.Main results and the role of chanceThe kisspeptin receptor was expressed in human decidual stromal cells. Kisspeptin agonist decreased, but antagonist increased, cell motility. Kisspeptin agonist decreased the phosphorylation of FAK and Src tyrosine kinases, whereas antagonist increased it. These effects on phosphorylation were abolished by kisspeptin receptor siRNA. The activation of cell motility by kisspeptin analogues was suppressed by siRNA knockdown of endogenous FAK (decreased 66%), Src (decreased 60%), kisspeptin receptor (decreased 26%), MMP-2 (decreased 36%), MMP-9 (decreased 23%), and ERK 1/2 inhibitor (decreased 27%).Limitations, reasons for cautionHuman decidual stromal cells were obtained from women having terminations after 6-12 weeks of pregnancy and differences in timing could affect their properties.Wider implications of the findingsKisspeptin acting within the endometrium has a potential modulatory role on embryo implantation and decidual programming of human pregnancy.Study funding/competing interest(s)This work was supported by grant NSC-104-2314-B-182A-146-MY2 (to H.-M.W.) from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, and grants CMRPG3E0401 and CMRPG3E0402 (to H.-M.W.). This work was also supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research to P.C.K.L. P.C.K.L. is the recipient of a Child & Family Research Institute Distinguished Investigator Award. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.Trial registration numberN/A.
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