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Non-P450 aldehyde oxidizing enzymes: the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily.

ABSTRACT: Aldehydes are highly reactive molecules. While several non-P450 enzyme systems participate in their metabolism, one of the most important is the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) superfamily, composed of NAD(P)+-dependent enzymes that catalyze aldehyde oxidation.This article presents a review of what is currently known about each member of the human ALDH superfamily including the pathophysiological significance of these enzymes.Relevant literature involving all members of the human ALDH family was extensively reviewed, with the primary focus on recent and novel findings.To date, 19 ALDH genes have been identified in the human genome and mutations in these genes and subsequent inborn errors in aldehyde metabolism are the molecular basis of several diseases, including Sjögren-Larsson syndrome, type II hyperprolinemia, gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria and pyridoxine-dependent seizures. ALDH enzymes also play important roles in embryogenesis and development, neurotransmission, oxidative stress and cancer. Finally, ALDH enzymes display multiple catalytic and non-catalytic functions including ester hydrolysis, antioxidant properties, xenobiotic bioactivation and UV light absorption.

SUBMITTER: Marchitti SA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2658643 | biostudies-other | 2008 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Non-P450 aldehyde oxidizing enzymes: the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily.

Marchitti Satori A SA Brocker Chad C Stagos Dimitrios D Vasiliou Vasilis V

Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology 20080601 6

<h4>Background</h4>Aldehydes are highly reactive molecules. While several non-P450 enzyme systems participate in their metabolism, one of the most important is the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) superfamily, composed of NAD(P)+-dependent enzymes that catalyze aldehyde oxidation.<h4>Objective</h4>This article presents a review of what is currently known about each member of the human ALDH superfamily including the pathophysiological significance of these enzymes.<h4>Methods</h4>Relevant literature ...[more]

PMID: 18611112

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Project description:The completion of the grape genome sequencing project has paved the way for novel gene discovery and functional analysis. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) comprise a gene superfamily encoding NAD(P)(+)-dependent enzymes that catalyze the irreversible oxidation of a wide range of endogenous and exogenous aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. Although ALDHs have been systematically investigated in several plant species including Arabidopsis and rice, our knowledge concerning the ALDH genes, their evolutionary relationship and expression patterns in grape has been limited.A total of 23 ALDH genes were identified in the grape genome and grouped into ten families according to the unified nomenclature system developed by the ALDH Gene Nomenclature Committee (AGNC). Members within the same grape ALDH families possess nearly identical exon-intron structures. Evolutionary analysis indicates that both segmental and tandem duplication events have contributed significantly to the expansion of grape ALDH genes. Phylogenetic analysis of ALDH protein sequences from seven plant species indicates that grape ALDHs are more closely related to those of Arabidopsis. In addition, synteny analysis between grape and Arabidopsis shows that homologs of a number of grape ALDHs are found in the corresponding syntenic blocks of Arabidopsis, suggesting that these genes arose before the speciation of the grape and Arabidopsis. Microarray gene expression analysis revealed large number of grape ALDH genes responsive to drought or salt stress. Furthermore, we found a number of ALDH genes showed significantly changed expressions in responses to infection with different pathogens and during grape berry development, suggesting novel roles of ALDH genes in plant-pathogen interactions and berry development.The genome-wide identification, evolutionary and expression analysis of grape ALDH genes should facilitate research in this gene family and provide new insights regarding their evolution history and functional roles in plant stress tolerance.

Dataset Information

Non-P450 aldehyde oxidizing enzymes: the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily.

Publications

Non-P450 aldehyde oxidizing enzymes: the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily.

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