Changes in pancreatic cancer mortality, period patterns, and birth cohort patterns in Japan: analysis of mortality data in the period 1968-2002.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Seino T
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2698238 | biostudies-other | 2008 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
Similar Datasets
Project description:OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to analyze the mortality of heart disease (HD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) through an age-period-cohort (APC) analysis. METHODS:We used data on mortality due to cardiovascular disease from 1995 to 2018 in Japan, as determined by Vital Statistics. Age groups from 0 years to 99 years were defined by 5-year increments, and cohorts were defined for each age group of each year with a 1-year shift. We used Bayesian APC analysis to decompose the changes in the diseases' mortality rates into age, period, and cohort effects. RESULTS:The period effects for all diseases decreased during the analyzed periods for both men and women. The cohort effects for men increased substantially in cohorts born from around 1940 to the 1970s for all types of cardiovascular diseases. The cohort effects of HD decreased in the cohorts born in the 1970s or later for both men and women. Regarding IHD and CeVD, either a non-increase or decrease of cohort effects was confirmed for cohorts born in the 1970s or later for men, but the effects for women showed a continuously increasing trend in the cohorts born in the 1960s or later. CONCLUSIONS:The cohort effects for IHD and CeVD showed increasing trends in younger generations of women. This suggests that preventive approaches against cardiovascular diseases are needed, particularly for women.
| S-EPMC7280805 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventh most common malignancy worldwide and the most lethal gynaecological malignancy. We aimed to explore global geographical patterns and temporal trends from 1973 to 2015 for 41 countries in OC incidence and especially to analyse the birth cohort effect to gain further insight into the underlying causal factors of OC and identify countries with increasing risk of OC. METHODS:OC data were drawn from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents databases and online databases published by governments. The joinpoint regression model was applied to detect changes in OC trends. The age-period-cohort model was applied to explore age and birth cohort effects. RESULTS:The age-standardized rate of OC incidence ranged from 3.0 to 11.4 per 100,000 women worldwide in 2012. The highest age-standardized rate was observed in Central and Eastern Europe, with 11.4 per 100,000 women in 2012. For the most recent 10-year period, the increasing trends were mainly observed in Central and South America, Asia and Central and Eastern Europe. The largest significant increase was observed in Brazil, with an average annual percentage change of 4.4%. For recent birth cohorts, cohort-specific increases in risk were pronounced in Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Lithuania, the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Malta, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Russia, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, India, Japan, the Philippines and Thailand. CONCLUSIONS:Disparities in the incidence and risk of OC persist worldwide. The increased risk of birth cohort in OC incidence was observed for most countries in Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, and Central and South America. The reason for the increasing OC risk for recent birth cohorts in these countries should be investigated with further epidemiology studies.
| S-EPMC6806513 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Recently, the interest in studying pancreatic cancer mortality has increased due to its high lethality. In this work a detailed analysis of pancreatic cancer mortality in Spanish provinces was performed using recent data. A set of multivariate spatial gender-age-period-cohort models was considered to look for potential candidates to analyze pancreatic cancer mortality rates. The selected model combines features of APC (age-period-cohort) models with disease mapping approaches. To ensure model identifiability sum-to-zero constraints were applied. A fully Bayesian approach based on integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA) was considered for model fitting and inference. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted. In general, estimated average rates by age, cohort, and period are higher in males than in females. The higher differences according to age between males and females correspond to the age groups [65, 70), [70, 75), and [75, 80). Regarding the cohort, the greatest difference between men and women is observed for those born between the forties and the sixties. From there on, the younger the birth cohort is, the smaller the difference becomes. Some cohort differences are also identified by regions and age-groups. The spatial pattern indicates a North-South gradient of pancreatic cancer mortality in Spain, the provinces in the North being the ones with the highest effects on mortality during the studied period. Finally, the space-time evolution shows that the space pattern has changed little over time.
| S-EPMC5310874 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundRecent surveillance data suggest that mean birth weight has begun to decline in several developed countries. The aim of this study is to examine the changes in birth weight among singleton live births from 2002 to 2012 in Guangzhou, one of the most rapidly developed cities in China.MethodsWe used data from the Guangzhou Perinatal Health Care and Delivery Surveillance System for 34108 and 54575 singleton live births with 28-41 weeks of gestation, who were born to local mothers, in 2002 and 2012, respectively. The trends in birth weight, small (SGA) and large (LGA) for gestational age and gestational length were explored in the overall population and gestational age subgroups.ResultsThe mean birth weight decreased from 3162 g in 2002 to 3137 g in 2012 (crude mean difference, -25 g; 95% CI, -30 to -19). The adjusted change in mean birth weight appeared to be slight (-6 g from 2002 to 2012) after controlling for maternal age, gestational age, educational level, parity, newborn's gender and delivery mode. The percentages of SGA and LGA in 2012 were 0.6% and 1.5% lower than those in 2002, respectively. The mean gestational age dropped from 39.2 weeks in 2002 to 38.9 weeks in 2012. In the stratified analysis, we observed the changes in birth weight differed among gestational age groups. The mean birth weight decreased among very preterm births (28-31 weeks), while remained relatively stable among other gestational age subcategories.ConclusionsAmong local population in Guangzhou from 2002 to 2012, birth weight appeared to slightly decrease. The percentage of SGA and LGA also simultaneously dropped, indicating that newborns might gain a healthier weight for gestational age.
| S-EPMC4274089 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIn contrast to other haematological cancers, mortality from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma increased dramatically during the second half of the 20th century in most developed countries. This widespread upward trend remains controversial, as it may be attributable either to progressive improvements in diagnosis and certification or to increasing exposures to little-known but relevant risk factors.MethodsTo assess the relative contribution of these factors, we analysed the independent effects of age, death period, and birth cohort on haematological cancer mortality rates in Spain across the period 1952-2006. Weighted joinpoint regression analyses were performed to detect and estimate changes in period and cohort curvatures.ResultsAlthough mortality rates were consistently higher among men, trends across periods and cohorts were virtually identical in both sexes. There was an early period trend reversal in the 1960s for Hodgkin's disease and leukaemia, which was delayed to the 1980s for multiple myeloma and the 1990s for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Birth cohort patterns showed a first downturn for generations born in the 1900s and 1910s for all haematological cancers, and a second trend reversal for more recent cohorts born in the 1950s and 1960s for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and leukaemia.ConclusionsThe sustained decline in Hodgkin's disease mortality and the levelling off in leukaemia seem to be driven by an early period effect linked to improvements in disease treatment, whereas the steep upward trends in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma mortality in Spain are more likely explained by a cohort effect linked to better diagnosis and death certification in the elderly. The consistent male excess mortality across all calendar periods and age groups points to the importance of possible sex-related genetic markers of susceptibility in haematological cancers.
| S-EPMC4021557 | biostudies-literature
Project description:According to the happiness-income paradox, economic growth within a country does not necessarily lead to an increase in well-being. However, previous literature also showed that economic growth has a greater impact on well-being in a low-income country than a high-income country. China is a typical developing country that has experienced dramatic development in recent decades. How did the well-being of the Chinese change? To examine birth cohort changes in Chinese college students' subjective well-being, a cross-temporal meta-analysis that involved 100 studies was conducted (106 data points, N = 55,830). The results showed that Chinese college students' well-being increased by at least 0.45 standard deviations from 2002 to 2017. In addition, their subjective well-being was significantly correlated with social indicators (e.g., GDP per capita, divorce rate, and university enrollment rate) for the corresponding years and 3 years prior to the collection of subjective well-being data. It is evident that social changes play an important role in predicting changes in well-being.
| S-EPMC7300275 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cohorts of nuclear workers are particularly relevant to study the health effects of protracted exposures to low doses at low dose-rates of ionizing radiation (IR). In France, a cohort of nuclear workers badge-monitored for external IR exposure has been followed-up for several decades. Its size and follow-up period have recently been extended. The present paper focuses on mortality from both cancer and non-cancer diseases in this cohort. The SELTINE cohort of nuclear workers employed by CEA, Orano, and EDF companies was followed-up for mortality from 1968 to 2014. Mortality in the cohort was compared to that in the French general population. Poisson regression methods were used to estimate excess relative rates of mortality per unit of cumulative dose of IR, adjusted for calendar year, age, company, duration of employment, and socioeconomic status. The cohort included 80,348 workers. At the end of the follow-up, the mean attained age was 63 years, and 15,695 deaths were observed. A strong healthy worker effect was observed overall. A significant excess of pleural cancer mortality was observed but not associated with IR dose. Death from solid cancers was positively but non-significantly associated with radiation. Death from leukaemia (excluding chronic lymphocytic leukaemia), dementia, and Alzheimer's disease were positively and significantly associated with IR dose. Estimated dose-risk relationships were consistent with those from other nuclear worker studies for all solid cancers and leukaemia but remained associated with large uncertainty. The association between IR dose and dementia mortality risk should be interpreted with caution and requires further investigation by other studies.
| S-EPMC9817793 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cervical cancer (CC) is a public health problem with a high disease burden and mortality in developing countries. In Brazil, areas with low human development index have the highest incidence rates of Brazil and upward temporal trend for this disease. The Northeast region has the second highest incidence of cervical cancer (20.47 new cases / 100,000 women). In this region, the mortality rates are similar to rates in countries that do not have a health system with a universal access screening program, as in Brazil. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the effects of age, period and birth cohorts on mortality from cervical cancer in the Northeast region of Brazil. Estimable functions predicted the effects of age, period and birth cohort. The average mortality rate was 10.35 deaths per 100,000 women during the period analyzed (1980-2014). The highest mortality rate per 100,000 women was observed in Maranhão (24.39 deaths), and the lowest mortality rate was observed in Bahia (11.24 deaths). According to the period effects, only the state of Rio Grande do Norte showed a reduction in mortality risk in the five years of the 2000s. There was a reduction in mortality risk for birth cohorts of women after the 1950s, except in Maranhão State, which showed an increasing trend in mortality risk for younger generations. We found that the high rates of cervical cancer mortality in the states of northeastern Brazil remain constant over time. Even after an increase in access to health services in the 2000s, associated with increased access to the cancer care network, which includes early detection (Pap Test), cervical cancer treatment and palliative care. However, it is important to note that the decreased risk of death and the mortality rates from CC among women born after the 1960s may be correlated with increased screening coverage, as well as increased access to health services for cancer treatment observed in younger women.
| S-EPMC7029866 | biostudies-literature
Project description:All subjects were recruited at Centennial Women?s Hospital and the Perinatal Research Center in Nashville, TN beginning in 2003. Pregnant women were enrolled during their first clinical visit after obtaining informed consent as described previously. Demographic and clinical data specific to the fetus was collected from clinical records. Gestational age of the neonate was determined by maternal reporting of the last menstrual period and corroboration by ultrasound dating. Accurate knowledge of gestational age (GA) is essential for proper monitoring and care of neonates. However, accurate GA measures are often not available. DNA methylation has previously been shown to associate with GA, and has been used to accurately predict chronological age in adults. In the current study, we examine whether DNA methylation in cord blood can be used to predict gestational age at birth. Results: We found that GA can be accurately predicted from DNA methylation of neonatal cord blood and blood spot samples (DNAm GA), using 148 CpG sites selected through elastic net regression in six training datasets (N=207). We evaluated predictive accuracy in six testing datasets (N=1,202), and found that the accuracy of DNAm GA meets or exceeds accuracy of gestational age estimates based on established methods. We also found an increased DNAm GA, relative to clinical GA, was associated with increased birthweight percentile (p=.00057), adjusting for GA, sex, and ancestry, suggesting that DNAm GA could represent developmental age more accurately than clinical estimates of GA. Conclusions: Further development of this predictor could provide a method of accurate neonatal estimation of GA for use in resource-limited populations, or in cases where GA cannot be estimated clinically. When clinical estimates are available, the predictor can be used to test hypotheses related to developmental age and other early life circumstances, and may provide increased accuracy beyond clinical estimates.
2016-03-11 | GSE79056 | GEO
Project description:All subjects were recruited at Centennial Women?s Hospital and the Perinatal Research Center in Nashville, TN beginning in 2003. Pregnant women were enrolled during their first clinical visit after obtaining informed consent as described previously. Demographic and clinical data specific to the fetus was collected from clinical records. Gestational age of the neonate was determined by maternal reporting of the last menstrual period and corroboration by ultrasound dating. Accurate knowledge of gestational age (GA) is essential for proper monitoring and care of neonates. However, accurate GA measures are often not available. DNA methylation has previously been shown to associate with GA, and has been used to accurately predict chronological age in adults. In the current study, we examine whether DNA methylation in cord blood can be used to predict gestational age at birth. Results: We found that GA can be accurately predicted from DNA methylation of neonatal cord blood and blood spot samples (DNAm GA), using 148 CpG sites selected through elastic net regression in six training datasets (N=207). We evaluated predictive accuracy in six testing datasets (N=1,202), and found that the accuracy of DNAm GA meets or exceeds accuracy of gestational age estimates based on established methods. We also found an increased DNAm GA, relative to clinical GA, was associated with increased birthweight percentile (p=.00057), adjusting for GA, sex, and ancestry, suggesting that DNAm GA could represent developmental age more accurately than clinical estimates of GA. Conclusions: Further development of this predictor could provide a method of accurate neonatal estimation of GA for use in resource-limited populations, or in cases where GA cannot be estimated clinically. When clinical estimates are available, the predictor can be used to test hypotheses related to developmental age and other early life circumstances, and may provide increased accuracy beyond clinical estimates. 36 Umbilical cord blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes soon after placental delivery. Blood samples were centrifuged at 3,000 RPM to separate plasma, and buffy coats were aliquoted and stored at -80oC. DNA was extracted using the DNeasy Kit (Qiagen). DNA methylation was interrogated for each sample using the HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Illumina).
2016-03-11 | E-GEOD-79056 | biostudies-arrayexpress