Are Hylobates lar Extirpated from China?
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Grueter CC
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2715875 | biostudies-other | 2009 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
Similar Datasets
Project description:tri38-lar - lar - Analyse the transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana plants developing localized acquired resistance (LAR) and a hypersensitive response (HR). The goal is to identify genes inducing LAR and/or HR. Plants were treated either with PstDC3000 (avrRpm1)or MgCl2 (control plants). The samples were studied at 3 points of the infection kinetics of the LAR phenomenon: 6h, 24h and 48h. Keywords: normal vs disease comparison
2008-12-01 | GSE13390 | GEO
Project description:Previous studies have shown that treatment with the somatostatin analogue octreotide LAR causes regression of gastric ECL-cell carcinoids in patients with hypergastrinaemia due to chronic atrophic gastritis, reducing both the number and size of tumours. The main objective of the present study was to examine the molecular mechanisms behind the antiproliferative effect of octreotide in the oxyntic mucosa on a genome wide scale. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with octreotide LAR and control group were given the LAR vehicle for 21 days. Serum gastrin levels were measured and tissue samples for histology and RNA extraction collected from the oxyntic mucosa. Histomorphological examination showed a significant decrease in the number of gastric glands, cells per gland and length of glands, indicating a negative effect of octreotide on growth of the oxyntic mucosa. Further immunohistochemical studies showed a tendency towards increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation in the group receiving octreotide. Affymetrix GeneChip microarrays were used to detect differentially expressed genes. Many regulated genes could be related to regulation of apoptosis, fewer to proliferation, and the largest group of regulated genes was transcriptional factors several of which may be involved in regulation of growth. Control studies using quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed a high degree of consistency of the microarray results. In conclusion, octreotide exerts a negative effect on growth of the oxyntic mucosa, and extensive gene expression changes relevant to growth regulation can be detected. Keywords: regulation, proliferation, Affymetrix GeneChip, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry.
2006-09-27 | GSE5910 | GEO
Project description:Leukocyte common antigen-related protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) are cellular receptors of heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans that regulate neurite outgrowth and neuronal regeneration. LAR-RPTPs have also received particular attention as the major presynaptic hubs for synapse organization through selective binding to numerous postsynaptic adhesion partners. Recent structural studies on LAR-RPTP-mediated trans-synaptic adhesion complexes have provided significant insight into the molecular basis of their specific interactions, the key codes for their selective binding, as well as the higher-order clustering of LAR-RPTPs necessary for synaptogenic activity. In this review, we summarize the structures of LAR-RPTPs in complex with various postsynaptic adhesion partners and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying LAR-RPTP-mediated synaptogenesis.
| S-EPMC6078854 | biostudies-literature
Project description:tri38-lar - lar - Analyse the transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana plants developing localized acquired resistance (LAR) and a hypersensitive response (HR). The goal is to identify genes inducing LAR and/or HR. Plants were treated either with PstDC3000 (avrRpm1)or MgCl2 (control plants). The samples were studied at 3 points of the infection kinetics of the LAR phenomenon: 6h, 24h and 48h. Keywords: normal vs disease comparison 3 dye-swaps - CATMA arrays 12 biological repetitions were pooled for this experiment.
2010-05-15 | E-GEOD-13390 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:LAR-type receptor phosphotyrosine-phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) are presynaptic adhesion molecules that interact trans-synaptically with multitudinous postsynaptic adhesion molecules, including SliTrks, SALMs, and TrkC. Via these interactions, LAR-RPTPs are thought to function as synaptogenic wiring molecules that promote neural circuit formation by mediating the establishment of synapses. To test the synaptogenic functions of LAR-RPTPs, we conditionally deleted the genes encoding all three LAR-RPTPs, singly or in combination, in mice before synapse formation. Strikingly, deletion of LAR-RPTPs had no effect on synaptic connectivity in cultured neurons or in vivo, but impaired NMDA-receptor-mediated responses. Deletion of LAR-RPTPs decreased NMDA-receptor-mediated responses by a trans-synaptic mechanism. In cultured neurons, deletion of all LAR-RPTPs led to a reduction in synaptic NMDA-receptor EPSCs, without changing the subunit composition or the protein levels of NMDA-receptors. In vivo, deletion of all LAR-RPTPs in the hippocampus at birth also did not alter synaptic connectivity as measured via AMPA-receptor-mediated synaptic responses at Schaffer-collateral synapses monitored in juvenile mice, but again decreased NMDA-receptor mediated synaptic transmission. Thus, LAR-RPTPs are not essential for synapse formation, but control synapse properties by regulating postsynaptic NMDA-receptors via a trans-synaptic mechanism that likely involves binding to one or multiple postsynaptic ligands.
| S-EPMC6984820 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cooperative behaviors among individuals of numerous species play a crucial role in social interactions. There is a special interest in investigating the occurrence of cooperation among apes because this knowledge could also shed light on evolutionary processes and help us understand the origin and development of cooperation in humans and primates in general. Gibbons are phylogenetically intermediate between the great apes and monkeys, and therefore represent a unique opportunity for comparisons. The aim of the present study was to discover whether or not white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar) show cooperative behaviors. In order to test for the respective behaviors, the gibbons were presented with a commonly used experimental cooperative rope-pulling task. The gibbons in this study did not exhibit cooperative behaviors during the problem-solving task. However, prior training procedures could not be fully completed, hence this project constitutes only the onset of exploring cooperative behaviors in gibbons. Additional behavioral observations revealed that the gibbons spent significantly more time "out of arm's reach to everyone", suggesting that they are less often involved in social interactions, than other, more cooperative primates.
| S-EPMC10473987 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundNatural orifice specimen extraction surgery is a novel technique of minimally invasive surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the safety of laparoscopic anterior resection with natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE-LAR) and abdominal incision specimen extraction (AISE-LAR) for sigmoid or rectum tumors.MethodsMEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), Scopus, and ClinicalTrials databases were systematically searched for related articles up to August 2019. The primary outcomes included postoperative complications (overall postoperative complication, incision-related complication, anastomotic fistula, and severe complication) and pathologic results (lymph nodes harvested, proximal resection margin, and distal resection edge). The statistical analysis was performed on STATA 12.0 software.ResultsTen studies comprising 1787 patients were used for meta-analysis. Compared with AISE-LAR, NOSE-LAR had more advantages in terms of overall postoperative complication (odds ratio (OR) = 0.65 (95% CI, 0.46 to 0.90; P = 0.01)), incision-related complication (OR = 0.13 (95% CI, 0.05 to 0.35; P < 0.01)), distal resection edge (weighted mean difference (WMD) = 0.17 cm (95% CI, 0.02 to 0.33 cm; P = 0.02)), recovery of gastrointestinal function (WMD = - 0.38 day (95% CI, - 0.70 to - 0.06 day; P = 0.02 )), pain scores in postoperative day 1 (WMD = - 1.64 (95% CI, - 2.31 to - 0.98; P < 0.01)), additional analgesics usage (OR = 0.21 (95% CI, 0.11 to 0.40; P < 0.01)) and hospital stay (WMD = - 0.71 day (95% CI, - 1.10 to - 0.32 day; P < 0.01)), while the operation time of NOSE-LAR was prolonged (WMD = 7.4 min (95% CI, 0.17 to 14.64 min; P = 0.04)). The anastomotic fistula, severe complication, lymph nodes harvested, proximal resection margin, intraoperative blood loss, and long-term outcomes in NOSE-LAR were comparable with AISE-LAR.ConclusionsThe safety of NOSE-LAR was demonstrated, and it could be an alternative to conventional surgery in laparoscopic anterior resection for sigmoid and rectal tumors. However, further randomized and multi-center trials are required.
| S-EPMC7439723 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The LAR transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase associates with liprin-alpha proteins and colocalizes with liprin-alpha1 at focal adhesions. LAR has been implicated in axon guidance, and liprins are involved in synapse formation and synapse protein trafficking. Several liprin mutants have weaker binding to LAR as assessed by yeast interaction trap assays, and the extents of in vitro and in vivo phosphorylation of these mutants were reduced relative to that of wild-type liprin-alpha1. Treatment of liprin-alpha1 with calf intestinal phosphatase weakened its interaction with the recombinant GST-LAR protein. A liprin LH region mutant that inhibited liprin phosphorylation did not bind to LAR as assessed by coprecipitation studies. Endogenous LAR was shown to bind phosphorylated liprin-alpha1 from MDA-486 cells labeled in vivo with [32P]orthophosphate. In further characterizing the phosphorylation of liprin, we found immunoprecipitates of liprin-alpha1 expressed in COS-7 cells to incorporate phosphate after washes of up to 4 M NaCl. Additionally, purified liprin-alpha1 derived from Sf-9 insect cells retained the ability to incorporate phosphate in in vitro phosphorylation assays, and a liprin-alpha1 truncation mutant incorporated phosphate after denaturation and/or renaturation in SDS gels. Finally, binding assays showed that liprin binds to ATP-agarose and that the interaction is challenged by free ATP, but not by free GTP. Moreover, liprin LH region mutations that inhibit liprin phosphorylation stabilized the association of liprin with ATP-agarose. Taken together, our results suggest that liprin autophosphorylation regulates its association with LAR.
| S-EPMC2529169 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Protein phosphatases are major regulators of signal transduction and they are involved in key cellular mechanisms such as proliferation, differentiation, and cell survival. Here we focus on one class of protein phosphatases, the type IIA Receptor-type Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (RPTPs), or LAR-RPTP subfamily. In the last decade, LAR-RPTPs have been demonstrated to have great importance in neurobiology, from neurodevelopment to brain disorders. In vertebrates, the LAR-RPTP subfamily is composed of three members: PTPRF (LAR), PTPRD (PTPδ) and PTPRS (PTPσ), and all participate in several brain functions. In this review we describe the structure and proteolytic processing of the LAR-RPTP subfamily, their alternative splicing and enzymatic regulation. Also, we review the role of the LAR-RPTP subfamily in neural function such as dendrite and axon growth and guidance, synapse formation and differentiation, their participation in synaptic activity, and in brain development, discussing controversial findings and commenting on the most recent studies in the field. Finally, we discuss the clinical outcomes of LAR-RPTP mutations, which are associated with several brain disorders.
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Project description:The type IIa family of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs), including Lar, RPTPσ and RPTPδ, are well-studied in coordinating actin cytoskeletal rearrangements during axon guidance and synaptogenesis. To determine whether this regulation is conserved in other tissues, interdisciplinary approaches were utilized to study Lar-RPTPs in the Drosophila musculature. Here we find that the single fly ortholog, Drosophila Lar (Dlar), is localized to the muscle costamere and that a decrease in Dlar causes aberrant sarcomeric patterning, deficits in larval locomotion, and integrin mislocalization. Sequence analysis uncovered an evolutionarily conserved Lys-Gly-Asp (KGD) signature in the extracellular region of Dlar. Since this tripeptide sequence is similar to the integrin-binding Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif, we tested the hypothesis that Dlar directly interacts with integrin proteins. However, structural analyses of the fibronectin type III domains of Dlar and two vertebrate orthologs that include this conserved motif indicate that this KGD tripeptide is not accessible and thus unlikely to mediate physical interactions with integrins. These results, together with the proteomics identification of basement membrane (BM) proteins as potential ligands for type IIa RPTPs, suggest a complex network of protein interactions in the extracellular space that may mediate Lar function and/or signaling in muscle tissue.
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