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Fc-receptor and M-protein genes of group A streptococci are products of gene duplication.

ABSTRACT: The partial nucleotide sequence for an Fc-receptor gene from an M-type 76 group A streptococcus was determined. DNA sequence analysis revealed considerable sequence similarity between the Fc-receptor and M-protein genes in their proposed promoter regions, signal sequences, and 3' termini. Additional analysis indicated that the deduced Fc-receptor protein contains a proline-rich region and membrane anchor region highly similar to that of M protein. In view of these results, we postulated that Fc-receptor and M-protein genes of group A streptococci are the products of gene duplication from a common ancestral gene. It is proposed that DNA sequence similarity between these two genes may allow for extragenic homologous recombination as a means of generating antigenic diversity in these two surface proteins.

SUBMITTER: Heath DG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC287349 | biostudies-other | 1989 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Fc-receptor and M-protein genes of group A streptococci are products of gene duplication.

Heath D G DG Cleary P P PP

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 19890601 12

The partial nucleotide sequence for an Fc-receptor gene from an M-type 76 group A streptococcus was determined. DNA sequence analysis revealed considerable sequence similarity between the Fc-receptor and M-protein genes in their proposed promoter regions, signal sequences, and 3' termini. Additional analysis indicated that the deduced Fc-receptor protein contains a proline-rich region and membrane anchor region highly similar to that of M protein. In view of these results, we postulated that Fc- ...[more]

PMID: 2660147

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Project description:Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equeisimilis (SDSE) has Lancefield group G or C antigens. Recent epidemiological studies reveal that invasive SDSE infections have been increasing in Asia, Europe and US. Although SDSE possesses similar virulence factors to S. pyogenes including streptolysin S (SLS) and streptolysin O (SLO), some important S. pyogenes virulence factors including active superantigens, SpeB and a hyarulonic acids capsule are missing in SDSE genome. The mechanisms and the key virulence factors for causing invasive diseases by SDSE are poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the transcriptome of SDSE in vivo using the murine sepsis model, revealing the strategy of SDSE to destruct host tissues with the virulence factors and to scavenge depleted nutrients. The expression of SLO operon increased at relatively early stage of infection while the SLS and hyaluronidases upregulated after 4h post infection. Microarray data suggested that SDSE degraded host tissue polysaccharides by streptococcal-secreting poly/oligosaccharide lyases and simultaneously used the Entner-Doudoroff pathway to metabolize acquired carbohydrates. A global negative virulence gene regulator CsrRS of SDSE modulated the expressions of genes encoding SLS and the carbohydrate metabolism enzymes. Moreover, csrS deficient mutant induced sever systemic hemolysis in mice. The most frequently isolated stG6792 strains from invasive disease secreted abundant SLS and SLO rather than other SDSE emm types, indicating the relationship between the SLS and SLO productions and poor outcome by the stG6792 strain infection. Our findings suggest that the concomitant regulation of virulence factors destructing the host tissues and metabolic enzymes play an important role to produce invasive diseases by SDSE. To analyze gene expressions in group G streptococci with the murine infection model, we developed a custom microarray for Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) based on the genome sequences of three SDSE strains; GGS_124, ATCC12923 and RE378. We intraperitoneally inoculated 10^8 CFU of GGS_124 stain and the csrS deficient mutant into ddY mice. Bacterial cells were collected from the abdominal cavity at 0, 2, 4 and 8 h post infection. GGS_124 cells were also collected from OD600=0.6 culture in brain heart infusion broth as a control.

Project description:Many group G streptococci (GGS) isolated from infected humans (but not from animal sources) express M or M-like proteins with biological, immunochemical, and genetic features similar to those of group A streptococci (GAS). To further elucidate the recently proposed M-like protein gene (emmL gene) polymorphisms in GGS, Southern blots of genomic DNAs from 38 epidemiologically unrelated GGS strains isolated from human specimens and 12 GGS strains recovered from animal sources were hybridized with oligonucleotide probes designed to specifically detect GAS M class I and M class II M protein (emm) genes. All human-associated GGS strains showed DNA homology to the GAS M class I emm gene probe, whereas no hybridization was found with DNA from any of the animal-associated strains. The emmL genes from all human isolates were amplified by PCR, and the complete sequence of the emmL gene of the Rebecca Lancefield grouping strain D166B was determined. Again, this gene exhibited the structural features typical for emm genes of M class I GAS. The 5' regions of the PCR-amplified emmL genes of the remaining 37 human GGS strains were sequenced. This region showed a sequence diversity similar to that known for GAS emm genes. When strains whose N-terminal emmL gene sequences showed a homology of > 95% were defined as belonging to one genetic type, 30 strains were segregated into six distinct genetic types, whereas the remaining 8 strains each exhibited a unique emmL gene sequence. A high degree of homology between the N-terminal emmL gene segments of six GGS strains and the corresponding regions of either the emm12 or the emm57 gene of GAS was found, suggesting a horizontal gene transfer between strains of these species of beta-hemolytic streptococci. Besides a further understanding of the evolution of GGS emmL genes, the observed emmL gene polymorphisms in GGS could provide the basis for a molecular subspecies delineation of strains and offers the potential of typing GGS for epidemiological purposes.

Dataset Information

Fc-receptor and M-protein genes of group A streptococci are products of gene duplication.

Publications

Fc-receptor and M-protein genes of group A streptococci are products of gene duplication.

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