Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Zhang K
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2906885 | biostudies-other | 2010 May
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
Zhang Kai K Duan Huiling H Karihaloo Bhushan L BL Wang Jianxiang J
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20100503 21
We reveal the sophisticated and hierarchical structure of honeybee combs and measure the elastic properties of fresh and old natural honeycombs at different scales by optical microscope, environmental scanning electron microscope, nano/microindentation, and by tension and shear tests. We demonstrate that the comb walls are continuously strengthened and stiffened without becoming fragile by the addition of thin wax layers reinforced by recycled silk cocoons reminiscent of modern fiber-reinforced ...[more]