Predictors of time to death after terminal withdrawal of mechanical ventilation in the ICU.
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SUBMITTER: Cooke CR
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2913765 | biostudies-other | 2010 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:BackgroundIntensive care units represent one of the largest clinical cost centers in hospitals. Mechanical ventilation accounts for a significant share of this cost. There is a relative dearth of information quantifying the impact of ventilation on daily ICU cost. We thus determine daily costs of ICU care, incremental cost of mechanical ventilation per ICU day, and further differentiate cost by underlying diseases.MethodsTotal ICU costs, length of ICU stay, and duration of mechanical ventilation of all 10,637 adult patients treated in ICUs at a German hospital in 2013 were analyzed for never-ventilated patients (N?=?9181), patients ventilated at least 1 day, (N?=?1455) and all patients (N?=?10,637). Total ICU costs were regressed on the number of ICU days. Finally, costs were analyzed separately by ICD-10 chapter of main diagnosis.ResultsDaily non-ventilated costs were €999 (95%CI €924 - €1074), and ventilated costs were €1590 (95%CI €1524 - €1657), a 59% increase. Costs per non-ventilated ICU day differed substantially and were lowest for endocrine, nutritional or metabolic diseases (€844), and highest for musculoskeletal diseases (€1357). Costs per ventilated ICU day were lowest for diseases of the circulatory system (€1439) and highest for cancer patients (€1594). The relative cost increase due to ventilation was highest for diseases of the respiratory system (94%) and even non-systematic for patients with musculoskeletal diseases (13%, p?=?0.634).ConclusionsResults show substantial variability of ICU costs for different underlying diseases and underline mechanical ventilation as an important driver of ICU costs.
| S-EPMC7106643 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAlcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a common condition in hospitalized patients, yet its epidemiology in the ICU remains poorly characterized.MethodsRetrospective cohort of patients admitted to the Nantes University Hospital ICU between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019, and coded for AWS using ICD-10 criteria. The objective of the study was to identify factors associated with complicated hospital stay defined as ICU length of stay ≥7 days or hospital mortality.ResultsAmong 5,641 patients admitted to the ICU during the study period, 246 (4.4%) were coded as having AWS. Among them, 42 had exclusion criteria and 204 were included in the study. The three main reasons for ICU admission were sepsis (29.9%), altered consciousness (29.4%), and seizures (24%). At ICU admission, median Cushman's score was 6 [4-9] and median SOFA score was 3 [2-6]. Delirium tremens occurred in half the patients, seizures in one fifth and pneumonia in one third. Overall, 48% of patients developed complicated hospital stay, of whom 92.8% stayed in the ICU for ≥7 days, 36.7% received MV for ≥7 days, and 16.3% died during hospital stay. By multivariable analysis, two factors were associated with complicated hospital stay: a higher number of organ dysfunctions at ICU admission was associated with a higher risk of complicated hospital stay (OR, 1.18; 95CI, 1.05-1.32, P = 0.005), whereas ICU admission for seizures was associated with a lower risk of complicated hospital stay (OR, 0.14; 95%CI, 0.026-0.80; P = 0.026).ConclusionsAWS in ICU patients chiefly affects young adults and is often associated with additional factors such as sepsis, trauma, or surgery. Half the patients experienced an extended ICU stay or death during the hospital stay. The likelihood of developing complicated hospital stay relied on the reason for ICU admission and the number of organ dysfunctions at ICU admission.
| S-EPMC8687554 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo identify potential predictors for invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzes data of 516 patients with confirmed COVID-19, who were categorized into three groups based on which mechanical ventilation method was used during the hospitalization period.ResultsAmong 516 confirmed cases with COVID-19, 446 patients did not receive mechanical ventilation, 38 patients received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and 32 received non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV). The median age of the included patients was 61 years old (interquartile range, 52-69). A total of 432 patients had one or more coexisting illnesses. The main clinical symptoms included fever (79.46%), dry cough (66.47%) and shortness of breath (46.90%). IMV and NIMV patients included more men, more coexisting illnesses and received more medication. Patients in the IMV group and NIMV had higher leukocyte and neutrophil count, lower lymphocyte count, higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and D-dimer levels and lower albumin (ALB) level. The univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the use of glucocorticoid, increased neutrophil count and LDH had a predictive role as indicators for IMV, and the use of glucocorticoid, increased neutrophil count and PCT had a predictive role as indicators for NIMV. The area under the curve (AUC) of use of glucocorticoid, increased neutrophil count and LDH was 0.885 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.838-0.933, p < 0.0001), which provided the specificity and sensitivity 77.7% and 90.9%, respectively. AUC of the use of glucocorticoid, increased neutrophil count and PCT for NIMV was 0.888 (95% CI 0.825-0.952, p < 0.0001), which provided the specificity and sensitivity 70.3% and 96.4%, respectively.ConclusionGlucocorticoid, increased neutrophil and LDH were predictive indicators for IMV, whereas glucocorticoid, increased neutrophil and PCT were predictive indicators for NIMV. In addition, the above-mentioned mediators had the most predictive meaning for mechanical ventilation when combined.The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
| S-EPMC7570781 | biostudies-literature
Project description:INTRODUCTION:In critically ill patients undergoing prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV), the difference in long-term outcomes between patients with or without tracheostomy remains unexplored. METHODS:Ancillary study of a prospective international multicentre observational cohort in 21 centres in France and Belgium, including 2087 patients, with a one-year follow-up after admission. We included patients with a MV duration ≥10 days, with or without tracheostomy. We explored the one-year mortality with a classical Cox regression model (adjustment on age, SAPS II, baseline diagnosis and withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies) and a Cox regression model using tracheostomy as a time-dependant variable. RESULTS:29.5% patients underwent prolonged MV, out of which 25.6% received tracheostomy and 74.4% did not. At one-year, 45.2% patients had died in the tracheostomy group and 51.5% patients had died in the group without tracheostomy (p = 0.001). In the Cox-adjusted regression model, tracheostomy was not associated with improved one-year outcome (HR CI95 0.7 [0.5-1.001], p = 0.051), as well as in the model using tracheostomy as a time-dependent variable (OR CI 95 1 [0.7-1.4], p = 0.9). CONCLUSIONS:In our study, there was no statistically significant difference in the one-year mortality of patients undergoing prolonged MV when receiving tracheostomy or not. TRIAL REGISTRATION:NCT01367093.
| S-EPMC6774500 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:To investigate the rates, predictors, and outcomes of prolonged mechanical ventilation (??96 h) following endovascular treatment (EVT) of ischemic stroke. METHODS:Hospitalizations with acute ischemic stroke and EVT were identified using validated codes in the National Inpatient Sample (2010-2015). The primary outcome was prolonged mechanical ventilation defined as ventilation???96 consecutive hours. We compared hospitalizations involving prolonged ventilation following EVT with those that did not involve prolonged ventilation. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for differences between groups. Clinical predictors of prolonged ventilation were assessed using multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses. RESULTS:Among the 34,184 hospitalizations with EVT, 5087 (14.9%) required prolonged mechanical ventilation. There was a decline in overall intubation and prolonged ventilation during the study period. On multivariable analysis, history of heart failure [OR 1.28 (95% CI 1.05-1.57)] and diabetes [OR 1.22 (95% CI 1-1.50)] was independent predictors of prolonged ventilation following EVT. In a sensitivity analysis of anterior circulation stroke only, heart failure [OR 1.3 (95% CI 1.10-1.61)], diabetes [OR 1.25 (95% CI 1.01-1.57)], and chronic lung disease [OR 1.31 (95% CI 1.03-1.66)] were independent predictors of prolonged ventilation. The weighted proportions of in-hospital mortality, post-procedural shock, acute renal failure, and intracerebral hemorrhage were higher in the prolonged ventilation group. CONCLUSIONS:Among a nationally representative sample of hospitalizations, nearly one-in-six patients had prolonged mechanical ventilation after EVT. Heart failure and diabetes were significantly associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation following EVT. Prolonged ventilation was associated with significant increase in in-hospital mortality and morbidity.
| S-EPMC7577519 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionPrediction of death and prolonged mechanical ventilation is important in terms of projecting resource utilization and in establishing protocols for clinical studies of acute lung injury (ALI). We aimed to identify risk factors for a combined end-point of death and/or prolonged ventilator dependence and developed an ALI-specific prediction model.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis of three multicenter clinical studies, we identified predictors of death or ventilator dependence from variables prospectively recorded during the first three days of mechanical ventilation. After the prediction model was derived in an international cohort of patients with ALI, it was validated in two independent samples of patients enrolled in a clinical trial involving 17 academic centers and a North American population-based cohort.ResultsA combined end-point of death and/or ventilator dependence at 14 days or later occurred in 68% of patients in the international cohort, 60% of patients in the clinical trial, and 59% of patients in the population-based cohort. In the derivation cohort, a model based on age, oxygenation index on day 3, and cardiovascular failure on day 3 predicted death and/or ventilator dependence. The prediction model performed better in the clinical trial validation cohort (area under the receiver operating curve 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.77 to 0.84) than in the population-based validation cohort (0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.65 to 0.76).ConclusionA model based on age and cardiopulmonary function three days after the intubation is able to predict, moderately well, a combined end-point of death and/or prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients with ALI.
| S-EPMC2206401 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo develop and apply a competency-based test to assess learning among internal medicine residents during a respiratory ICU rotation at a university hospital.MethodsWe developed a test comprising 19 multiple-choice questions regarding knowledge of mechanical ventilation (MV) and 4 self-assessment questions regarding the degree of confidence in the management of MV. The test was applied on the first and last day of a 30-day respiratory ICU rotation (pre-rotation and post-rotation, respectively). During the rotation, the residents had lectures, underwent simulator training, and shadowed physicians on daily bedside rounds focused on teaching MV management.ResultsFifty residents completed the test at both time points. The mean score increased from 6.9 ± 1.2 (pre-rotation) to 8.6 ± 0.8 (post-rotation; p < 0.001). On questions regarding the approach to hypoxemia, the recognition of patient-ventilator asynchrony, and the recognition of risk factors for extubation failure, the post-rotation scores were significantly higher than the pre-rotation scores. Confidence in airway management increased from 6% before the rotation to 22% after the rotation (p = 0.02), whereas confidence in making the initial MV settings increased from 31% to 96% (p < 0.001) and confidence in adjusting the ventilator modes increased from 23% to 77% (p < 0.001).ConclusionsWe developed a competency-based test to assess knowledge of MV among residents before and after an rotation in a respiratory ICU. Resident performance increased significantly after the rotation, as did their confidence in caring for patients on MV.
| S-EPMC7572270 | biostudies-literature
Project description:MethodsWe reviewed the electronic medical record of critically ill adults who received a continuous infusion of ketamine for ≥24 hours during invasive mechanical ventilation in three hospitals over a two-year period. We captured data including ketamine indication, dose, unintended effects, and adjustments to coadministered sedatives or opioids. We analyzed these data to determine the incidence of reported unintended effects of ketamine infusion (primary outcome) and changes in exposure to coadministered sedatives or opioids during ketamine use (secondary outcome).Results95 mechanically ventilated adults received a ketamine infusion for a median duration of 75 hours (interquartile range [IQR] 44-115) at a mean ± standard deviation (SD) infusion rate of 1.3 ± 0.5 mg/kg/hour for the first 24 hours. At least one unintended effect attributed to ketamine was documented in 24% of cases, most frequently tachycardia (6%) and sialorrhea (6%). Other sedative or opioid infusions were administered with ketamine in 76% and 92% of cases, respectively. Comparing the total amount of sedative or opioid administered in the 24 hours prior to ketamine infusion with the total amount administered during the first 24 hours on ketamine, there were no significant differences in propofol, midazolam, or dexmedetomidine exposure, but the average fentanyl exposure was higher after ketamine (2740 ± 1812 mcg) than before (1975 ± 1860 mcg) (absolute difference 766 mcg, 95% confidence interval [CI] 442 to 1089 mcg).ConclusionsIn this multicenter cohort of critically ill, mechanically ventilated adults, ketamine infusion was primarily used as an adjunct to conventional sedative and opioid infusions, with noticeable but unintended effects potentially related to ketamine in nearly one-quarter of cases.
| S-EPMC9729046 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundInterest in the pulmonary microbiome is growing, particularly in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.ObjectivesTo explore the pulmonary microbiome over time in patients undergoing prolonged mechanical ventilation and to evaluate the effect of an oral suctioning intervention on the microbiome.MethodsThis descriptive subanalysis from a clinical trial involved a random sample of 16 participants (7 intervention, 9 control) who received mechanical ventilation for at least 5 days. Five paired oral and tracheal specimens were evaluated for each participant over time. Bacterial DNA from the paired specimens was evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacterial taxonomy composition, α-diversity (Shannon index), and β-diversity (Morisita-Horn index) were calculated and compared within and between participants.ResultsParticipants were predominantly male (69%) and White (63%), with a mean age of 58 years, and underwent mechanical ventilation for a mean of 9.36 days. Abundant bacterial taxa included Prevotella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Stenotrophomonas, and Veillonella. Mean tracheal α-diversity decreased over time for the total group (P = .002) and the control group (P = .02). β-Diversity was lower (P = .04) in the control group (1.905) than in the intervention group (2.607).ConclusionsProlonged mechanical ventilation was associated with changes in the pulmonary microbiome, with the control group having less diversity. The oral suctioning intervention may have reduced oral-tracheal bacterial transmission.
| S-EPMC8344366 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The outcomes of informal caregivers of survivors of critical illness likely depend on patient characteristics, which may change over time. To date, few studies have examined patient-specific predictors of post-ICU informal caregiver burden, and none has tested whether predictors vary after hospital discharge.We designed a prospective, longitudinal observational study, enrolling 48 patient-caregiver dyads from four ICUs in a university hospital. Informal caregiver depression symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Lifestyle disruption was measured with the Activity Restriction Scale. Linear regression models were built to test for patient- and caregiver-specific predictors of depression symptoms and lifestyle disruption 2, 6, and 12 months after ICU admission.Patients had a mean (SD) age of 52.5 (19.7) years, 67% were men, median (interquartile range) Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score was 52 (38.5, 65). The caregivers had a mean (SD) age of 52.8 (12.8) years, 91.2% were women, and 48% were spouses. Predictors of caregiver depression symptoms were patient gender (men) at 2 and 12 months and tracheostomy at 12 months. Predictors of lifestyle disruption were patient education (more common among high school graduates) and patient gender (men) at 2 months, and tracheostomy, functional dependency, and patient gender (men) at 12 months.The determinants of post-ICU informal caregiver burden likely depend on characteristics of the patient as well as the caregiver and may vary over time. Further research is necessary to better understand the longitudinal determinants of burden in order to develop more effective caregiver interventions.
| S-EPMC2803119 | biostudies-other