Atrioventricular and interventricular delay optimization in cardiac resynchronization therapy: physiological principles and overview of available methods.

ABSTRACT: In this review, the physiological rationale for atrioventricular and interventricular delay optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy is discussed including the influence of exercise and long-term cardiac resynchronization therapy. The broad spectrum of both invasive and non-invasive optimization methods is reviewed with critical appraisal of the literature. Although the spectrum of both invasive and non-invasive optimization methods is broad, no single method can be recommend for standard practice as large-scale studies using hard endpoints are lacking. Current efforts mainly investigate optimization during resting conditions; however, there is a need to develop automated algorithms to implement dynamic optimization in order to adapt to physiological alterations during exercise and after anatomical remodeling.

SUBMITTER: Houthuizen P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3074065 | biostudies-other | 2011 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other