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Viral vector-based therapeutic cancer vaccines.

ABSTRACT: Most viruses are naturally immunogenic and can be engineered to express tumor antigen transgenes. Moreover, many types of recombinant viruses have been shown to infect professional antigen-presenting cells, specifically dendritic cells, and express their transgenes. This enhanced presentation of tumor antigens to the immune system has led to an increase in the frequency and avidity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes that target tumor cells expressing the tumor antigen(s) encoded in the vaccine vector. Logistically, recombinant viruses can be produced, administered, and quality controlled more easily compared with other immunotherapy strategies. The intrinsic properties of each virus have distinct advantages and disadvantages, which can determine their applicability in a particular therapeutic setting. The disadvantage of some vectors is the development of host-induced neutralizing antibodies to the vector itself, thus limiting its continued use. The "off-the-shelf" nature of viral vaccine platforms renders them exceptionally suitable for multicenter randomized trials. This review described and discussed the strategies used and results using viral-based vaccines, with emphasis on phases II and III clinical trials. Future directions will involve the evaluation of viral-based vaccines in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings, in patients with low burden metastatic disease, and in combination with other forms of therapy including immunotherapy.

SUBMITTER: Larocca C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3207353 | biostudies-other | 2011 Sep-Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Viral vector-based therapeutic cancer vaccines.

Larocca Cecilia C Schlom Jeffrey J

Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.) 20110901 5

Most viruses are naturally immunogenic and can be engineered to express tumor antigen transgenes. Moreover, many types of recombinant viruses have been shown to infect professional antigen-presenting cells, specifically dendritic cells, and express their transgenes. This enhanced presentation of tumor antigens to the immune system has led to an increase in the frequency and avidity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes that target tumor cells expressing the tumor antigen(s) encoded in the vaccine vector. L ...[more]

PMID: 21952287

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Project description:The global vaccine market is diverse while facing a plethora of novel developments. Genetic modification (GM) techniques facilitate the design of 'smarter' vaccines. For many of the major infectious diseases of humans, like AIDS and malaria, but also for most human neoplastic disorders, still no vaccines are available. It may be speculated that novel GM technologies will significantly contribute to their development. While a promising number of studies is conducted on GM vaccines and GM vaccine technologies, the contribution of GM technology to newly introduced vaccines on the market is disappointingly limited. In this study, the field of vector-based GM vaccines is explored. Data on currently available, actually applied, and newly developed vectors is retrieved from various sources, synthesised and analysed, in order to provide an overview on the use of vector-based technology in the field of GM vaccine development. While still there are only two vector-based vaccines on the human vaccine market, there is ample activity in the fields of patenting, preclinical research, and different stages of clinical research. Results of this study revealed that vector-based vaccines comprise a significant part of all GM vaccines in the pipeline. This study further highlights that poxviruses and adenoviruses are among the most prominent vectors in GM vaccine development. After the approval of the first vectored human vaccine, based on a flavivirus vector, vaccine vector technology, especially based on poxviruses and adenoviruses, holds great promise for future vaccine development. It may lead to cheaper methods for the production of safe vaccines against diseases for which no or less perfect vaccines exist today, thus catering for an unmet medical need. After the introduction of Jenner's vaccinia virus as the first vaccine more than two centuries ago, which eventually led to the recent eradication of smallpox, this and other viruses may now be the basis for constructing vectors that may help us control other major scourges of mankind.

Dataset Information

Viral vector-based therapeutic cancer vaccines.

Publications

Viral vector-based therapeutic cancer vaccines.

Similar Datasets

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