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Cytoskeletal modulation of lipid interactions regulates Lck kinase activity.

ABSTRACT: The actin cytoskeleton promotes clustering of proteins associated with cholesterol-dependent rafts, but its effect on lipid interactions that form and maintain rafts is not understood. We addressed this question by determining the effect of disrupting the cytoskeleton on co-clustering of dihexadecyl-(C(16))-anchored DiO and DiI, which co-enrich in ordered lipid environments such as rafts. Co-clustering was assayed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in labeled T cells, where rafts function in the phosphoregulation of the Src family kinase Lck. Our results show that probe co-clustering was sensitive to depolymerization of actin filaments with latrunculin B (Lat B), inhibition of myosin II with blebbistatin, and treatment with neomycin to sequester phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Cytoskeletal effects on lipid interactions were not restricted to order-preferring label because co-clustering of C(16)-anchored DiO with didodecyl (C(12))-anchored DiI, which favors disordered lipids, was also reduced by Lat B and blebbistatin. Furthermore, conditions that disrupted probe co-clustering resulted in activation of Lck. These data show that the cytoskeleton globally modulates lipid interactions in the plasma membrane, and this property maintains rafts that function in Lck regulation.

SUBMITTER: Chichili GR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3397845 | biostudies-other | 2012 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Cytoskeletal modulation of lipid interactions regulates Lck kinase activity.

Chichili Gurunadh R GR Cail Robert C RC Rodgers William W

The Journal of biological chemistry 20120521 29

The actin cytoskeleton promotes clustering of proteins associated with cholesterol-dependent rafts, but its effect on lipid interactions that form and maintain rafts is not understood. We addressed this question by determining the effect of disrupting the cytoskeleton on co-clustering of dihexadecyl-(C(16))-anchored DiO and DiI, which co-enrich in ordered lipid environments such as rafts. Co-clustering was assayed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in labeled T cells, where rafts f ...[more]

PMID: 22613726

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Project description:BackgroundUpon engagement of the T-cell receptor (TCR), the Src-family protein tyrosine kinase p56Lck phosphorylates components of the TCR (e.g. the TCRζ chains), thereby initiating T-cell activation. The enzymatic activity of Lck is primarily regulated via reversible and dynamic phosphorylation of two tyrosine residues, Y394 and Y505. Lck possesses an additional highly conserved tyrosine Y192, located within the SH2 domain, whose role in T-cell activation is not fully understood.MethodsKnock-in mice expressing a phospho-mimetic (Y192E) form of Lck were generated. Cellular and biochemical characterization was performed to elucidate the function of Y192 in primary T cells. HEK 293T and Jurkat T cells were used for in vitro studies.ResultsCo-immunoprecipitation studies and biochemical analyses using T cells from LckY192E knock-in mice revealed a diminished binding of LckY192E to CD45 and a concomitant hyperphosphorylation of Y505, thus corroborating previous data obtained in Jurkat T cells. Surprisingly however, in vitro kinase assays showed that LckY192E possesses a normal enzymatic activity in human and murine T cells. FLIM/FRET measurements employing an LckY192E biosensor further indicated that the steady state conformation of the LckY192E mutant is similar to Lckwt. These data suggest that Y192 might regulate Lck functions also independently from the Lck/CD45-association. Indeed, when LckY192E was expressed in CD45-/-/Csk-/- non-T cells (HEK 293T cells), phosphorylation of Y505 was similar to Lckwt, but LckY192E still failed to optimally phosphorylate and activate the Lck downstream substrate ZAP70. Furthermore, LckY19E was recruited less to CD3 after TCR stimulation.ConclusionsTaken together, phosphorylation of Y192 regulates Lck functions in T cells at least twofold, by preventing Lck association to CD45 and by modulating ligand-induced recruitment of Lck to the TCR.Major findingsOur data change the current view on the function of Y192 and suggest that Y192 also regulates Lck activity in a manner independent of Y505 phosphorylation. Video Abstract.

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Cytoskeletal modulation of lipid interactions regulates Lck kinase activity.

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Cytoskeletal modulation of lipid interactions regulates Lck kinase activity.

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