Cytokine and angiogenic factors associated with efficacy and toxicity of pazopanib in advanced soft-tissue sarcoma: an EORTC-STBSG study.
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SUBMITTER: Sleijfer S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3419967 | biostudies-other | 2012 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:BackgroundPALETTE is a phase 3 trial that demonstrated single-agent activity of pazopanib in advanced soft tissue sarcomas (aSTS). We performed retrospective subgroup analyses to explore potential relationships between patient characteristics, prior lines of therapy, dose intensity, and dose modifications on safety and efficacy of pazopanib in aSTS.MethodsPALETTE compared pazopanib with placebo in patients with aSTS (age ≥ 18 years) whose disease had progressed during or following prior chemotherapy. In these subgroup analyses, median progression-free survival (mPFS) among patients receiving pazopanib was the efficacy outcome of interest. Adverse events (AEs) were also compared within subgroups. All analyses were descriptive and exploratory.ResultsA total of 246 patients received pazopanib in the PALETTE study. The mPFS was longer in patients who had only 1 prior line versus 2+ prior lines of therapy (24.7 vs 18.9 weeks, respectively); AE rates were similar regardless of number of prior lines of therapy. The mPFS was similar in patients aged < 65 and ≥ 65 y (20.0 and 20.1 weeks, respectively). Although AEs leading to study discontinuation were higher in older patients (≥65 y, 30%; < 65 y, 17%), rates of dose reductions, dose interruptions, and serious AEs were similar between the 2 age groups. No reduction in mPFS was noted in patients requiring dose reductions or dose interruptions to manage toxicities.ConclusionsLonger mPFS was observed in patients receiving pazopanib following only 1 line of therapy. Additionally, mPFS with pazopanib was maintained regardless of patient age or dose modifications used to manage toxicity.Trial registrationNCT00753688 , first posted September 16, 2008 (registered prospectively).
| S-EPMC6691522 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Soft tissue sarcomas comprise approximately 1% of all adult solid malignancies. While chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for patients with metastatic or inoperable disease, overall survival for these patients is approximately 12 months, highlighting the need for novel agents. Both laboratory and clinical data have suggested that antiangiogenic agents may have a role in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas. Pazopanib is a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic activity. The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase III PALETTE (pazopanib for metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma) study demonstrated improved progression-free survival in patients receiving pazopanib compared with placebo. In this review, we discuss the rationale and clinical evidence for the use of pazopanib in the treatment of metastatic and inoperable soft tissue sarcomas.
| S-EPMC3604972 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is an exceedingly rare and orphan disease, without active drugs approved in the front line. Pazopanib and trabectedin are licensed for sarcoma treatment from second-line, but very little and contradictory data are available on their activity in ASPS. Lacking ongoing and/or planned clinical trials, we conducted a multi-institutional study involving the reference sites for sarcoma in Europe, U.S., and Japan, within the World Sarcoma Network, to investigate the efficacy of pazopanib and trabectedin. MATERIALS AND METHODS:From May 2007, 14 of the 27 centers that were asked to retrospectively review their databases had identified 44 advanced ASPS patients treated with pazopanib and/or trabectedin. Response was evaluated by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were computed by Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS:Among 30 patients who received pazopanib, 18 were pretreated (13 with other antiangiogenics). Response was evaluable in 29/30 patients. Best responses were 1 complete response, 7 partial response (PR), 17 stable disease (SD), and 4 progressions. At a 19-month median follow-up, median PFS was 13.6 months (range: 1.6-32.2+), with 59% of patients progression-free at 1 year. Median OS was not reached.Among 23 patients treated with trabectedin, all were pretreated and evaluable for response. Best responses were 1 PR, 13 SD, and 9 progressions. At a 27-month median follow-up, median PFS was 3.7 months (range: 0.7-109), with 13% of patients progression-free at 1 year. Median OS was 9.1 months. CONCLUSION:The value of pazopanib in advanced ASPS is confirmed, with durable responses, whereas the value of trabectedin appears limited. These results are relevant to defining the best approach to advanced ASPS. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE:This retrospective study, conducted among the world reference centers for treatment of sarcoma, confirms the value of pazopanib in patients with advanced alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS), with dimensional and durable responses, whereas trabectedin shows a limited activity. Alveolar soft part sarcoma is resistant to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Pazopanib and trabectedin are licensed for treatment of sarcoma from second line; in the lack of prospective clinical trials, these results are relevant to defining ASPS best management and strongly support initiatives aimed at obtaining the approval of pazopanib in the front line of the disease.
| S-EPMC5759809 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIn the phase iii palette trial of pazopanib compared with placebo in patients with advanced or metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma (sts) who had received prior chemotherapy, pazopanib treatment was associated with improved progression-free survival (pfs). We used an economic model and data from palette and other sources to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of pazopanib in patients with advanced sts who had already received chemotherapy.MethodsWe developed a multistate model to estimate expected pfs, overall survival (os), lifetime sts treatment costs, and quality-adjusted life-years (qalys) for patients receiving pazopanib or placebo as second-line therapy for advanced sts. Cost-effectiveness was calculated alternatively from the health care system and societal perspectives for the province of Quebec. Estimated pfs, os, incidence of adverse events, and utilities values for pazopanib and placebo were derived from the palette trial. Costs were obtained from published sources.ResultsCompared with placebo, pazopanib is estimated to increase qalys by 0.128. The incremental cost of pazopanib compared with placebo is CA$20,840 from the health care system perspective and CA$15,821 from the societal perspective. The cost per qaly gained with pazopanib in that comparison is CA$163,336 from the health care system perspective and CA$124,001 from the societal perspective.ConclusionsCompared with placebo, pazopanib might be cost-effective from the Canadian health care system and societal perspectives depending on the threshold value used by reimbursement authorities to assess novel cancer therapies. Given the unmet need for effective treatments for advanced sts, pazopanib might nevertheless be an appropriate alternative to currently used treatments.
| S-EPMC4257119 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In the phase III PALETTE trial, pazopanib improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with placebo in patients with advanced/metastatic soft tissue sarcomas (mSTS) who had received prior chemotherapy. We used a multistate model to estimate expected PFS, overall survival (OS), lifetime STS treatment costs, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) for patients receiving pazopanib, placebo, trabectedin, ifosfamide, or gemcitabine plus docetaxel as second-line mSTS therapies. The cost-effectiveness of pazopanib was expressed as the incremental costs per QALY gained. Estimates of PFS/OS, adverse events, and utilities for pazopanib and placebo were from the PALETTE trial. Estimates of relative effectiveness of the other comparators were from an unadjusted indirect comparison versus pazopanib. Costs were from published sources. Pazopanib is estimated to increase QALYs by 0.128 and costs by £7,976 versus placebo; cost per QALY gained with pazopanib versus placebo is estimated to be £62,000. Compared with the other chemotherapies, pazopanib provides similar QALYs at a lower cost. Pazopanib may not be cost-effective versus placebo but may be cost-effective versus the most commonly used active treatments, although this conclusion is uncertain. Given the unmet need for effective treatments for mSTS, pazopanib may be an appropriate alternative to some currently used medications in the United Kingdom.
| S-EPMC4082932 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Pazopanib (PAZ), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma (STS), should not be administered with acid-suppressive medications (ASMs) due to decreased drug solubility. Common practice for patients requiring ASM with PAZ is to separate administration by 12 hours; however, there is little real-world evidence describing clinical outcomes using this strategy. The aim of this study was to determine whether concomitant ASM impacted efficacy and adverse event rates in patients with STS receiving PAZ. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for patients with STS who received PAZ from June 2011 to July 2017. Patients were stratified into two groups, PAZ with or without ASM (PAZ + ASM or PAZ only). The primary objective was to determine whether progression-free survival (PFS) differed between groups. Secondary objectives were to determine overall survival (OS) and occurrence of grade 3/4 toxicities. Ninety-one patients were included in the study, 42 patients in the PAZ + ASM group and 49 in the PAZ only group. Median PFS was significantly shorter in the PAZ + ASM group than the PAZ only group (5.3 vs. 6.7 months). The PAZ + ASM group also had a 74% higher relative risk of progression or death than the PAZ only group, but there was no difference in OS. Regarding adverse events, the PAZ + ASM group trended toward lower levels of grade 3/4 hypertension (19% vs. 37%). These results suggest that ASM should be avoided in patients with STS receiving PAZ. Larger studies are needed to further elucidate the impact of ASM use with PAZ in clinical practice.
| S-EPMC6742936 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Pazopanib is the first and only tyrosine kinase inhibitor currently approved for the treatment of multiple histological subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Initially developed as a small molecule inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, preclinical work indicates that pazopanib exerts an anticancer effect through the inhibition of both angiogenic and oncogenic signaling pathways. Following the establishment of optimal dosing and safety profiles in early phase studies and approval for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma, pazopanib was investigated in STS. A landmark phase III randomized study demonstrated improved progression-free survival with pazopanib compared to that with placebo in pretreated patients with STS of various subtypes. The efficacy of pazopanib in specific STS subtypes has been further described in real-world-based case series in both mixed and subtype-specific STS cohorts. At present, there are no clinically validated predictive biomarkers for use in selecting patients with advanced STS for pazopanib therapy, limiting the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the drug. In this review, we summarize the preclinical and clinical data for pazopanib, outline the evidence base for its effect in STS and explore reported studies that have investigated putative biomarkers.
| S-EPMC6522548 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Therapy of soft tissue sarcomas represents an area of significant unmet need in oncology. Angiogenesis has been explored as a potential target both preclinically and clinically, with suggestions of activity. Pazopanib is a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor with prominent antiangiogenic effects. In a Phase II study, pazopanib demonstrated activity in strata enrolling patients with leiomyosarcomas, synovial sarcomas, or other sarcomas but not those enrolling adipocytic sarcomas. PALETTE, the pivotal Phase III trial, demonstrated improved progression-free survival versus placebo in pazopanib-treated patients previously treated for advanced soft tissue sarcomas. No survival benefit was observed, and adipocytic sarcomas were excluded. Health-related quality-of-life assessments indicated significant decrements in several areas affected by pazopanib toxicities, but no global deterioration. Cost-effectiveness analyses indicate that pazopanib therapy may or may not be cost-effective in different geographic settings. Pazopanib provides important proof-of-concept for antiangiogenic therapy in soft tissue sarcomas. Its use can be improved by further biological studies of its activity profile in sarcomas, studies of biological rational combinations, and clinicopathologic/biological correlative studies of activity to allow better drug targeting.
| S-EPMC4907704 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose: Pazopanib, a multireceptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting primarily VEGFRs1-3, is approved for advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and renal cell cancer. Downstream of VEGFR, trametinib is an FDA-approved MEK inhibitor used for melanoma. We hypothesized that vertical pathway inhibition using trametinib would synergize with pazopanib in advanced STS.Experimental Design: In an open-label, multicenter, investigator-initiated National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)-sponsored trial, patients with metastatic or advanced STS received pazopanib 800 mg and 2 mg of trametinib continuously for 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was 4-month progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were overall survival, response rate, and disease control rate.Results: Twenty-five patients were enrolled. The median age was 49 years (range, 22-77 years) and 52% were male. Median PFS was 2.27 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.9-3.9], and the 4-month PFS rate was 21.1% (95% CI, 9.7-45.9), which was not an improvement over the hypothesized null 4-month PFS rate of 28.3% (P = 0.79). Median overall survival was 9.0 months (95% CI, 5.7-17.7). A partial response occurred in 2 (8%) of the evaluable patients (95% CI, 1.0-26.0), one with PIK3CA E542K-mutant embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and another with spindle cell sarcoma. The disease control rate was 14/25 (56%; 95% CI, 34.9-75.6). The most common adverse events were diarrhea (84%), nausea (64%), fatigue (56%), and hypertension (52%).Conclusions: The combination of pazopanib and trametinib was tolerable without indication of added activity of the combination in STS. Further study may be warranted in RAS/RAF aberrant sarcomas. Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4027-34. ©2017 AACR.
| S-EPMC5754188 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPazopanib, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is recommended as the standard treatment for refractory soft tissue sarcoma (STS). However, there are comparatively few molecular determinants for predicting pazopanib efficacy. Based on correlative studies regarding the predictive impact of PD-L1, we investigated the clinical relevance of PD-L1 expression and evaluated its value for predicting pazopanib efficacy.MethodsTumour tissues from patients with advanced STS who went on to receive pazopanib were assessed for PD-L1 expression. Immunohistochemistry was performed using an anti-PD-L1 antibody, and the PD-L1 tumour proportion score (TPS) was calculated as the percentage of at least 100 viable cells with positive expression, defined as TPS ≥ 1%.ResultsAmong the 67 patients, 8 (11.9%) achieved partial response and a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 4.8 months (95% CI 3.8-5.7). PD-L1 expression in tumour cells was detected in 13 (19.4%) cases and the TPS scores ranged from 1 to 100%, as follows: 0 (n = 54, 80.6%), 1-9% (n = 3, 4.5%), 10-49% (n = 9, 13.4%), and ≥ 50% (n = 1, 1.5%). PD-L1 positive tumours exhibited a poorer response to pazopanib treatment than the PD-L1 negative tumours (0% vs 14.8%, P = 0.07). PD-L1-positive tumours had significantly shorter PFS than the PD-L1-negative tumours (median PFS 2.8 vs 5.1 months, P = 0.003), and PD-L1 positivity was an independent predictor of poor response to pazopanib treatment (HR 2.77, 95% CI; 1.45-5.56, P = 0.006).ConclusionWe identified that PD-L1 expression can help predict the clinical outcome of patients with advanced STS treated with pazopanib. Based on our study, stratification should be actively considered in order to identify patients who will benefit from pazopanib or further therapeutic strategies for future clinical trials.
| S-EPMC8011221 | biostudies-literature