Performance characteristics of MR imaging in the evaluation of clinically low-risk prostate cancer: a prospective study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Vargas HA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3480819 | biostudies-other | 2012 Nov
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Genome wide DNA methylation profiling of normal and tumour prostate samples. The Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC Human DNA methylation oligonucleotide beads was used to obtain DNA methylation profiles across approximately 850,000 CpGs. Comparative assessment was carried out.
2018-12-01 | GSE101908 | GEO
Project description:PurposeTo determine the incremental benefit of combined endorectal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging, as compared with endorectal MR imaging alone, for sextant localization of peripheral zone (PZ) prostate cancer.Materials and methodsThis prospective multicenter study, conducted by the American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN) from February 2004 to June 2005, was institutional review board approved and HIPAA compliant. Research associates were required to follow consent guidelines approved by the Office for Human Research Protection and established by the institutional review boards. One hundred thirty-four patients with biopsy-proved prostate adenocarcinoma and scheduled to undergo radical prostatectomy were recruited at seven institutions. T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and spectroscopic MR sequences were performed at 1.5 T by using a pelvic phased-array coil in combination with an endorectal coil. Eight readers independently rated the likelihood of the presence of PZ cancer in each sextant by using a five-point scale-first on MR images alone and later on combined MR-MR spectroscopic images. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) were calculated with sextant as the unit of analysis. The presence or absence of cancer at centralized histopathologic evaluation of prostate specimens was the reference standard. Reader-specific receiver operating characteristic curves for values obtained with MR imaging alone and with combined MR imaging-MR spectroscopic imaging were developed. The AUCs were estimated by using Mann-Whitney statistics and appropriate 95% confidence intervals.ResultsComplete data were available for 110 patients (mean age, 58 years; range, 45-72 years). MR imaging alone and combined MR imaging-MR spectroscopic imaging had similar accuracy in PZ cancer localization (AUC, 0.60 vs 0.58, respectively; P > .05). AUCs for individual readers were 0.57-0.63 for MR imaging alone and 0.54-0.61 for combined MR imaging-MR spectroscopic imaging.ConclusionIn patients who undergo radical prostatectomy, the accuracy of combined 1.5-T endorectal MR imaging-MR spectroscopic imaging for sextant localization of PZ prostate cancer is equal to that of MR imaging alone.
| S-EPMC2663583 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Among men with clinically low-risk prostate cancer, we have previously documented heterogeneity in terms of clinical characteristics and genomic risk scores. OBJECTIVE:To further study the underlying tumor biology of this patient population, by interrogating broader patterns of gene expression among men with clinically low-risk tumors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:Prostate biopsies from 427 patients considered potentially suitable for active surveillance underwent central pathology review and genome-wide expression profiling. These cases were compared with 1290 higher-risk biopsy cases with diverse clinical features from a prospective genomic registry. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:Average genomic risk (AGR) was determined from 18 published prognostic signatures, and MSigDB hallmark gene sets were analyzed using bootstrapped clustering methods. These sets were examined in relation to clinical variables and pathological and biochemical outcomes using multivariable regression analysis. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS:A total of 408 (96%) biopsies passed RNA quality control. Based on AGR quartiles defined by the high-risk multicenter cases, the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) low-risk patients were distributed across the quartiles as 219 (54%), 107 (26%), 61 (15%), and 21 (5%). Unsupervised clustering analysis of the hallmark gene set scores revealed three clusters, which were enriched for the previously described PAM50 luminal A, luminal B, and basal subtypes. AGR, but not the clusters, was associated with both pathological (odds ratio 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14-1.58) and biochemical outcomes (hazard ratio 1.53, 95% CI 1.19-1.93). These results may underestimate within-prostate genomic heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS:Prostate cancers that are homogeneously low risk by traditional characteristics demonstrate substantial diversity at the level of genomic expression. Molecular substratification of low-risk prostate cancer will yield a better understanding of its divergent biology and, in the future may help personalize treatment recommendations. PATIENT SUMMARY:We studied the genomic characteristics of tumors from men diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer. We found three main subtypes of prostate cancer with divergent tumor biology, similar to what has previously been found in women with breast cancer. In addition, we found that genomic risk scores were associated with worse pathology findings and prostate-specific antigen recurrence after surgery. These results suggest even greater genomic diversity among low-risk patients than has previously been documented with more limited signatures.
| S-EPMC6586429 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Breast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging does not usually assess axillary lymph nodes -using dedicated axillary sequence. The additional utility of dedicated axillary sequence is poorly understood. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of dedicated axillary imaging sequence for evaluation of axillary lymph node. METHODS:In this retrospective study from January 2018 to March 2018, 750 consecutive women underwent breast MR imaging. 263 patients were excluded, due to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n?=?235), incomplete histopathological information (n?=?14) and follow-up loss (n?=?14), 487 women were included. Two radiologists scored lymph node on confidence level scale from 0 (definitely benign) to 4 (definitely malignant), -using standard MR and dedicated axillary imaging sequences. Diagnostic performance parameters were compared and calculated correlation coefficient of quantitative features (largest dimension, cortical thickness, and the ratio of cortical thickness to largest dimension of lymph node). RESULTS:68 (14.0%) were node-positive and 419 (86.0%) were node-negative. The sensitivity, specificity, positive, negative predictive values and accuracy were respectively, 66.2, 93.3, 61.6, 94.4, and 89.5% for dedicated axillary sequence and 64.7, 94.0, 63.8, 94.3, 89.9% for standard MR sequence The dedicated axillary and standard sequences s did not exhibit significant differences in detection of positive lymph nodes (AUC, 0.794 for standard and 0.798 for dedicated axillary sequence, P?=?0.825). The cortical thickness appeared to be the most discriminative quantitative measurement using both axillary (AUC, 0.846) and standard sequences (AUC, 0.823), with high correlation coefficient (0.947). CONCLUSION:Evaluation of axillary nodal status using standard breast MR imaging is comparable to dedicated axillary MR imaging.
| S-EPMC7195753 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose To compare the diagnostic performance of a short dual-pulse sequence magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocol versus a standard six-pulse sequence multiparametric MR imaging protocol for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer. Materials and Methods This HIPAA-compliant study was approved by the regional ethics committee. Between July 2013 and March 2015, 63 patients from a prospectively accrued study population who underwent MR imaging of the prostate including transverse T1-weighted; transverse, coronal, and sagittal T2-weighted; diffusion-weighted; and dynamic contrast material-enhanced MR imaging with a 3-T imager at a single institution were included in this retrospective study. The short MR imaging protocol image set consisted of transverse T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted images only. The standard MR imaging protocol image set contained images from all six pulse sequences. Three expert readers from different institutions assessed the likelihood of prostate cancer on a five-point scale. Diagnostic performance on a quadrant basis was assessed by using areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves, and differences were evaluated by using 83.8% confidence intervals. Intra- and interreader agreement was assessed by using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Transperineal template saturation biopsy served as the standard of reference. Results At histopathologic evaluation, 84 of 252 (33%) quadrants were positive for cancer in 38 of 63 (60%) men. There was no significant difference in detection of tumors larger than or equal to 0.5 mL for any of the readers of the short MR imaging protocol, with areas under the curve in the range of 0.74-0.81 (83.8% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64, 0.89), and for readers of the standard MR imaging protocol, areas under the curve were 0.71-0.77 (83.8% CI: 0.62, 0.86). Ranges for sensitivity were 0.76-0.95 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.99) and 0.76-0.86 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.97) and those for specificity were 0.84-0.90 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.94) and 0.82-0.90 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.94) for the short and standard MR protocols, respectively. Ranges for interreader agreement were 0.48-0.60 (83.8% CI: 0.41, 0.66) and 0.49-0.63 (83.8% CI: 0.42, 0.68) for the short and standard MR imaging protocols. Conclusion For the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer, no difference was found in the diagnostic performance of the short MR imaging protocol consisting of only transverse T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging pulse sequences compared with that of a standard multiparametric MR imaging protocol. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
| S-EPMC5584651 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To determine if performing magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic imaging, compared with performing T2-weighted MR imaging alone, improves the detection of locally recurrent prostate cancer after definitive external beam radiation therapy.This retrospective single-institution study was approved by the committee on human research, with a waiver of informed consent, and was compliant with HIPAA requirements. Sixty-four men who underwent endorectal MR imaging, MR spectroscopic imaging, and transrectal ultrasonographically guided biopsy for suspected local recurrence of prostate cancer after definitive external beam radiation therapy were retrospectively identified. Thirty-three patients had also received androgen therapy. Recurrent cancer was determined to be present or absent in the left and right sides of the prostate at T2-weighted MR imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging by a radiologist and a spectroscopist, respectively. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (A(Z)) was calculated for T2-weighted MR imaging alone and combined T2-weighted MR imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging by using generalized estimating equations and by using biopsy results as the reference standard.Recurrent prostate cancer was identified at biopsy in 37 (58%) of the 64 men. Recurrence was unilateral in 28 patients and bilateral in nine (total of 46 affected prostate sides). A(Z) analysis revealed that use of combined T2-weighted MR imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging (A(Z) = 0.79), as compared with T2-weighted MR imaging alone (A(Z) = 0.67), significantly improved the detection of local recurrence (P = .001).The addition of MR spectroscopic imaging to T2-weighted MR imaging significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy of endorectal MR imaging in the detection of locally recurrent prostate cancer after definitive external beam radiation therapy.
| S-EPMC2909433 | biostudies-other
Project description:PURPOSE:To evaluate noninvasive and clinically translatable magnetic resonance (MR) imaging biomarkers of therapeutic response in the TH-MYCN transgenic mouse model of aggressive, MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS:All experiments were performed in accordance with the local ethical review panel and the UK Home Office Animals Scientific Procedures Act 1986 and with the UK National Cancer Research Institute guidelines for the welfare of animals in cancer research. Multiparametric MR imaging was performed of abdominal tumors found in the TH-MYCN model. T2-weighted MR imaging, quantitation of native relaxation times T1 and T2, the relaxation rate R2*, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging were used to monitor tumor response to cyclophosphamide (25 mg/kg), the vascular disrupting agent ZD6126 (200 mg/kg), or the antiangiogenic agent cediranib (6 mg/kg, daily). Any significant changes in the measured parameters, and in the magnitude of the changes after treatment between treated and control cohorts, were identified by using Student two-tailed paired and unpaired t test, respectively, with a 5% level of significance. RESULTS:Treatment with cyclophosphamide or cediranib induced a 54% or 20% reduction in tumor volume at 48 hours, respectively (P < .005 and P < .005, respectively; P < .005 and P < .005 versus control, respectively). Treatment with ZD6126 induced a 45% reduction in mean tumor volume 24 hours after treatment (P < .005; P < .005 versus control). The antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide, cediranib, and ZD6126 was consistently associated with a decrease in tumor T1 (P < .005, P < .005, and P < .005, respectively; P < .005, P < .005, and P < .005 versus control, respectively) and with a correlation between therapy-induced changes in native T1 and changes in tumor volume (r = 0.56; P < .005). Tumor response to cediranib was also associated with a decrease in the dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging-derived volume transfer constant (P = .07; P < .05 versus control) and enhancing fraction (P < .05; P < .01 versus control), and an increase in R2* (P < .005; P < .05 versus control). CONCLUSION:The T1 relaxation time is a robust noninvasive imaging biomarker of response to therapy in tumors in TH-MYCN mice, which emulate high-risk neuroblastoma in children. T1 measurements can be readily implemented on clinical MR systems and should be investigated in translational clinical trials of new targeted therapies for pediatric neuroblastoma. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL:http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.12120128/-/DC1.
| S-EPMC4298658 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostic pathway is undergoing a radical change with the introduction of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), genomic testing, and different prostate biopsy techniques. It has been proposed that these tests should be used in a sequential manner to optimise risk stratification.ObjectiveTo characterise the genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic features of mpMRI-visible and -nonvisible PCa in clinically localised disease.Design, setting, and participantsMulticore analysis of fresh prostate tissue sampled immediately after radical prostatectomy was performed for intermediate- to high-risk PCa.InterventionLow-pass whole-genome, exome, methylation, and transcriptome profiling of patient tissue cores taken from microscopically benign and cancerous areas in the same prostate. Circulating free and germline DNA was assessed from the blood of five patients.Outcome measurement and statistical analysisCorrelations between preoperative mpMRI and genomic characteristics of tumour and benign prostate samples were assessed. Gene profiles for individual tumour cores were correlated with existing genomic classifiers currently used for prognostication.Results and limitationsA total of 43 prostate cores (22 tumour and 21 benign) were profiled from six whole prostate glands. Of the 22 tumour cores, 16 were tumours visible and six were tumours nonvisible on mpMRI. Intratumour genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic heterogeneity was found within mpMRI-visible lesions. This could potentially lead to misclassification of patients using signatures based on copy number or RNA expression. Moreover, three of the six cores obtained from mpMRI-nonvisible tumours harboured one or more genetic alterations commonly observed in metastatic castration-resistant PCa. No circulating free DNA alterations were found. Limitations include the small cohort size and lack of follow-up.ConclusionsOur study supports the continued use of systematic prostate sampling in addition to mpMRI, as avoidance of systematic biopsies in patients with negative mpMRI may mean that clinically significant tumours harbouring genetic alterations commonly seen in metastatic PCa are missed. Furthermore, there is inconsistency in individual genomics when genomic classifiers are applied.Patient summaryOur study shows that tumour heterogeneity within prostate tumours visible on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) can lead to misclassification of patients if only one core is used for genomic analysis. In addition, some cancers that were missed by mpMRI had genomic aberrations that are commonly seen in advanced metastatic prostate cancer. Avoiding biopsies in mpMRI-negative cases may mean that such potentially lethal cancers are missed.
| S-EPMC6472613 | biostudies-literature
Project description:"Transcriptionally different" medulloblastoma groups are associated with specific signaling pathway abnormalities; hence, they may present with distinct imaging manifestations. In this study, we sought to describe the MR imaging features of wingless-type-subgroup medulloblastomas with embryologic correlations.Pre- and postoperative imaging studies of 16 patients with wingless-type-subgroup medulloblastoma were evaluated for tumor location, involvement of surrounding CSF spaces or parenchymal structures, conventional and DWI signal properties, and postsurgical damage patterns. Laterality scores were assigned to tumors at each step in the evaluation process. Continuous variables were summarized by using descriptive statistics. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed to compare laterality scores. To determine the interobserver variability, we computed the intraclass correlation and Cohen κ coefficients.Wingless-type-subgroup medulloblastomas in our series were histopathologically "classic." Wingless-type-subgroup medulloblastomas occur in specific sites, with involvement of the foramen of Luschka (75%), the fourth ventricle (68.75%), the cisterna magna (31.25%), and the cerebellopontine angle cistern (18.75%). Laterality scores were low (<2) when preoperative primary and secondary anatomic features were evaluated separately, but they increased (>2) when all pre- and postoperative anatomic features were considered. Results were statistically shown to be reproducible (interclass correlation coefficient, 0.71-0.94; Cohen κ, 0.63-1.00). On the basis of anatomic lesion patterns, 4 location-based subtypes may be distinguished: 1) midline-intraventricular, 2) midline-extraventricular, 3) off-midline-intraventricular, and 4) off-midline-extraventricular, which represent a continuum.Wingless-type-subgroup medulloblastomas are lateralized tumors arising from the brain stem and cerebellum around the foramen of Luschka. Our current understanding of their embryologic origins is in concordance with the spatial distribution of these tumors.
| S-EPMC4827780 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of uveal melanoma (UM), to compare them with fundoscopy and ultrasound (US), and to validate them with histopathology.MethodsMR images from 42 UM were compared with US and fundoscopy, and on 14 enucleated cases with histopathology.ResultsA significant relationship between the signal intensity on T1 and pigmentation on histopathology was found (p=0.024). T1 hyperintense UM were always moderately or strongly pigmented on histopathology, while T1-hypointense UM were either pigmented or non-pigmented. Mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the UM was 1.16 ± 0.26 × 10-3 mm2/s. Two-thirds of the UM had a wash-out and the remaining a plateau perfusion time-intensity curve (TIC). MRI was limited in evaluating the basal diameter of flat tumors. US tends to show larger tumor prominence (0.5mm larger, p=0.008) and largest basal diameter (1.4mm larger, p<0.001). MRI was good in diagnosing ciliary body involvement, extrascleral extension, and optic nerve invasion, but limited on identifying scleral invasion. An increase of tumor prominence was associated with lower ADC values (p=0.030) and favored a wash-out TIC (p=0.028). An increase of tumor ADC correlated with a plateau TIC (p=0.011).ConclusionsThe anatomical and functional MRI characteristics of UM were comprehensively assessed. Knowing the MRI characteristics of UM is important in order to confirm the diagnosis and to differentiate UM from other intra-ocular lesions and because it has implications for treatment planning. MRI is a good technique to evaluate UM, being only limited in case of flat tumors or on identifying scleral invasion.
| S-EPMC8724164 | biostudies-literature