The monaural temporal window based on masking period pattern data in school-aged children and adults.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Buss E
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3606230 | biostudies-other | 2013 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:BackgroundTo describe the pattern of comorbidities in school-aged children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to identify which, if any, were associated with poor school attendance. A cross-sectional study, using the key informant methodology, between December 2017 and July 2018 was conducted in Cross River State, Nigeria. Assessments, confirmation of CP and identification of systemic comorbidities using standard tools and questionnaires were performed. Children confirmed to have CP between the ages 4 to 15 years were included.ResultsThree hundred and eighty-eight children were confirmed to have CP, 59% males. The mean age was 9.2 years ± SD 4.0; 28% were non-ambulatory (gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) level IV-V) and spastic CP was seen in 70%. Comorbidities included Speech impairment 85%, feeding difficulties 86%, and swallowing difficulties 77%, learning difficulties 88%, abnormal behaviour 62%, visual acuity impairment 54%, objective perceptual visual disorders 46%, communication difficulties 45%, epilepsy 35%, hearing impairment 12% and malnutrition 51%. Learning difficulties (OR 10.1, p < 0.001; CI: 3.6-28.1), visual acuity impairment (OR 2.8, p = 0.002; CI: 1.5-5.3), epilepsy (OR 2.3, p = 0.009; CI:1.2-4.3) manual ability classification scale 4-5 (OR 4.7,p = 0.049; CI:1.0-22.2) and CP severity (GMFCS V-VI) OR 6.9 p = 0.002, CI: 2.0-24.0.) were seen as increasing the likelihood of poor school attendance.ConclusionComorbidities were common, and some were associated with limited school attendance. A multidisciplinary tailored approach to care, with application of available therapeutic interventions for comorbidities is suggested. This may be useful in reducing barriers to school attendance.
| S-EPMC8028192 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Injury occurring during critical periods of development may have long-term effects on inflammatory responses. Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the most common cause of cerebral palsy (CP) in preterm infant. Activated leukocytes are the main source of inflammatory cytokines that give rise to white matter damage and CP in preterm infant. Here, we tested the hypothesis that inflammation profiles as pathogenic mediators for the occurrence of PVL in the neonatal period may persist in preterm children with CP at school age.
2009-09-30 | GSE17390 | GEO
Project description:There is an ongoing debate on the question when face processing abilities mature. One aspect that has been part of this debate is the ability to recognize faces in and across different viewpoints. Here, we tested 128 participants consisting of school-age children (ages, 5-10 years) and adults (ages, 19-37 years) in two experiments to investigate the effects of different viewpoints (including front, three-quarter, profile view) on face recognition during development. Furthermore, we compared recognition performance for faces to that of another object category (cars). In the first experiment (n = 88) we tested if the pattern of performance for faces presented in different viewpoints is similar in school-aged children and adults. Participants completed a two-alternative-forced-choice (2AFC) memory task comprising images of both faces and cars in front, three-quarter and profile view, which were presented in the same viewpoint during learning and testing. In the second experiment (n = 40) we tested if face recognition is similarly affected by viewpoint changes in children and adults. In this experiment the 2AFC memory task included a change of viewpoint between learning and testing. While in both experiments we found higher recognition performance for faces with increasing age, the overall pattern of both viewpoint and viewpoint-change-effects and also the difference between view-change- and no-change-conditions was similar across age groups. In contrast to faces, no viewpoint effects were observed in cars (experiment 1), viewpoint change effects, however, were similar for cars and faces (experiment 2). In sum, our results suggest early maturity of the ability to recognize faces in and across different viewpoints.
| S-EPMC5438580 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Injury occurring during critical periods of development may have long-term effects on inflammatory responses. Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the most common cause of cerebral palsy (CP) in preterm infant. Activated leukocytes are the main source of inflammatory cytokines that give rise to white matter damage and CP in preterm infant. Here, we tested the hypothesis that inflammation profiles as pathogenic mediators for the occurrence of PVL in the neonatal period may persist in preterm children with CP at school age. Five preterm children with PVL-induced CP and gestational age-matched five preterm children with normal neurodevelopment were recruited from follow up clinics. Proinflammatory gene expression in the PBMCs from preterm children were determined by Superarray PCR study.
2010-05-22 | E-GEOD-17390 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We tested a hypothesis that prenatal alcohol exposure may lead to epigenetic alterations to the DNA resulting in attentional and cognitive alterations of the children. 6-9 year old children school children of the Franconian Cognition and Emotion Studies (FRANCES) cohort which were tested for an objective marker of PAE, ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in meconium at birth. 32 newborns were found to be exposed to alcohol with a threshold above 30 ng/g (EtG+) but without a FAS diagnosis. DNA for methylation analysis was extracted from buccal cells, DNA methylation was analyzed using the Infinium Human Methylation 450K BeadChip array (Illumina).
2018-05-12 | E-MTAB-6730 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:BackgroundSurgical masks remain a focal part of the CDC guidelines to decrease COVID-19 transmission. Evidence refuting significant effects of masking on ventilation is mostly limited to small studies, with a paucity of studies on children, and none comparing children to adults.MethodsA total of 119 subjects were enrolled (71 adults, 49 children) in a prospective interventional study with each subject serving as their own mask-free control. End tidal CO2 (ETCO2), inspired CO2 (ICO2), and respiratory rate were measured by nasal cannula attached to an anesthesia machine D-fend module. Pulse oximetry and heart rate were also followed. After the mask-free period, an ASTM Level 3 disposable surgical mask was donned and 15 min of mask-worn data were collected.ResultsA steady state was confirmed for ETCO2 and ICO2 over the masked period, and mean ICO2 levels rose significantly (p < 0.001) after masking in all age groups. The increase in ICO2 for the 2- to 7-year-old group of 4.11 mmHg (3.23-4.99), was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than the final ΔICO2 levels for both the 7- to 14-year-old group, 2.45 mmHg (1.79-3.12), and adults, 1.47 mmHg (1.18-1.76). For the pediatric group there was a negative, significant correlation between age and ΔICO2, r = -0.49, p < 0.001. Masking resulted in a statistically significant (p < 0.01) rise in ETCO2 levels of 1.30 mmHg in adults and 1.36 mmHg in children. The final respective ETCO2 levels, 34.35 (33.55-35.15) and 35.07 (34.13-36.01), remained within normal limits. Pulse oximetry, heart rate, and respiratory rate were not significantly affected.DiscussionThe physiology of mechanical dead space is discussed, including the inverse relationship of subject age vs ICO2. The methodology and results are compared to previously published studies which detracted from the physiologic safety of surgical masking.ConclusionsThe wearing of a surgical mask results in a statistically significant rise in ICO2 and a smaller rise in ETCO2. Because ETCO2 and other variables remain well within normal limits, these changes are clinically insignificant.
| S-EPMC10278594 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Experiment 1 examined comodulation masking release (CMR) for a 700-Hz tonal signal under conditions of N(o)S(o) (noise and signal interaurally in phase) and N(o)S(π) (noise in phase, signal out of phase) stimulation. The baseline stimulus for CMR was either a single 24-Hz wide narrowband noise centered on the signal frequency [on-signal band (OSB)] or the OSB plus, a set of flanking noise bands having random envelopes. Masking noise was either gated or continuous. The CMR, defined with respect to either the OSB or the random noise baseline, was smaller for N(o)S(π) than N(o)S(o) stimulation, particularly when the masker was continuous. Experiment 2 examined whether the same pattern of results would be obtained for a 2000-Hz signal frequency; the number of flanking bands was also manipulated (two versus eight). Results again showed smaller CMR for N(o)S(π) than N(o)S(o) stimulation for both continuous and gated masking noise. The CMR was larger with eight than with two flanking bands, and this difference was greater for N(o)S(o) than N(o)S(π). The results of this study are compatible with serial mechanisms of binaural and monaural masking release, but they indicate that the combined masking release (binaural masking-level difference and CMR) falls short of being additive.
| S-EPMC3087389 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectiveTo analyze and compare the temporal trends in the incidence of anisometropia among Chinese school-aged children both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to investigate the impact of the pandemic on the incidence of anisometropia.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study comprising six distinct and independent longitudinal cohorts, each including children aged 6 to 13 years who visited the Joint Shantou International Eye Center between January 2010 and December 2021. Children were grouped into cohorts based on the year of their first eye clinic visit: 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, or 2020. Only children without anisometropia at initial visits, followed for 18 ± 6 months, were included. The cumulative incidence and risk factors of anisometropia were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimation and Cox proportional hazards regression models. Subgroup analyses were performed based on sex, age groups, initial refractive error status, and initial interocular SE difference. Anisometropic children were further categorized into myopic and non-myopic, with subsequent subgroup analyses conducted.ResultsOf 11,235 children were recruited from six cohorts (2010: n = 1,366; 2012: n = 1,708; 2014: n = 1,896; 2016: n = 2,354; 2018: n = 2,514; 2020: n = 1,397), 869 children developed anisometropia during a mean follow-up of 17.5 ± 3.7 months. After adjustment of confounding factors, we found that the risk of anisometropia remained relatively stable before 2020 but significantly increased in the 2020 cohort (adjusted HR 2.93, 95% CI 2.23 to 3.86; p < 0.001). This trend persisted in studies of spherical anisometropia (adjusted HR 2.52, 95% CI 1.60 to 3.97; p < 0.001) and cylindrical anisometropia (adjusted HR 2.91, 95% CI 1.69 to 3.62; p < 0.001). Older age and a greater initial difference in SE between the two eyes were also significantly associated with a higher risk of developing anisometropia (p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses consistently showed increased risk in the 2020 cohort.ConclusionThis study reveals a concerning rise in anisometropia incidence among Chinese school-aged children during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings highlight the worrisome rise in anisometropia risk during the COVID-19 pandemic and emphasize the importance of early detection and management to safeguard children's visual health.
| S-EPMC10894982 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Two experiments investigated the ability of 17 school-aged children to process purely temporal and spectro-temporal cues that signal changes in pitch. Percentage correct was measured for the discrimination of sinusoidal amplitude modulation rate (AMR) of broadband noise in experiment 1 and for the discrimination of fundamental frequency (F0) of broadband sine-phase harmonic complexes in experiment 2. The reference AMR was 100 Hz as was the reference F0. A child-friendly interface helped listeners to remain attentive to the task. Data were fitted using a maximum-likelihood technique that extracted threshold, slope, and lapse rate. All thresholds were subsequently standardized to a common d' value equal to 0.77. There were relatively large individual differences across listeners: eight had relatively adult-like thresholds in both tasks and nine had higher thresholds. However, these individual differences did not vary systematically with age, over the span of 6-16 yr. Thresholds were correlated across the two tasks and were about nine times finer for F0 discrimination than for AMR discrimination as has been previously observed in adults.
| S-EPMC3339501 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundData on dietary intakes in Russian adults and children are assessed very infrequently primarily due to the time, cost, and burden to the participants for assessing dietary patterns. To overcome some of those challenges, the use of web-based 24-hour recall methods can be successfully used.ObjectiveThe study objective is to assess the extent of agreement between a self-administered and an interviewer-administered 24-hour dietary recall in Russian adults and school-aged children using an adaptation of a web-based 24-hour recall tool.MethodsThis web-based dietary assessment tool is based on a previously validated tool, which has been adapted to the Russian diet and language. A randomized 50% (n=97) of 194 participants initially completed a self-administered web-based dietary recall, followed by an interviewer-administered 24-hour dietary recall later that same day, and vice versa for the other 50% (n=97) of participants. Following at least 1 week wash-out period, during visit 2, participant groups completed the 2 dietary recalls in the opposite order. Statistical analysis was carried out on the intake results from both methods for the 2 recalls. Finally, an evaluation questionnaire on ease-of-use of the tool was also completed.ResultsIn total, intakes of 28 nutrients and energy were analyzed in this study. The Bland-Altman analysis showed that between 98.4% and 90.5% of data points were within the limits of agreement among all age groups and nutrients analyzed. A "moderate to excellent" reliability between the 2 methods was observed in younger children. In older children, a "moderate to good" reliability was observed, with the exception of sodium. In adults, "moderate to excellent" reliability between both methods was observed with the exception of vitamins B1, B2, and B6, and pantothenic acid. The level of agreement between the categorization of estimates into thirds of the intake distribution for the average of the 2 days was satisfactory, since the percentages of participants categorized into the same tertile of intake were ˃50%, and the percentages of participants categorized into the opposite tertile of intake were <10%. The majority of respondents were very positive in their evaluation of the web-based dietary assessment tool.ConclusionsOverall, the web-based dietary assessment tool performs well when compared with a face-to-face, interviewer-administered 24-hour dietary recall and provides comparable estimates of energy and nutrient intakes in Russian adults and children.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04372160; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04372160.
| S-EPMC10468702 | biostudies-literature