Dataset Information

MicroRNAs in vascular biology and vascular disease.

ABSTRACT: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a novel class of endogenous, small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate over 30% of genes in a cell via degradation or translational inhibition of their target mRNAs. Functionally, an individual miRNA is important as a transcription factor because it is able to regulate the expression of its multiple target genes. Recent studies have identified that miRNAs are highly expressed in vasculature and their expression is deregulated in diseased vessels. miRNAs are found to be critical modulators for vascular cell functions such as cell differentiation, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Accordingly, miRNAs are involved in the angiogenesis and in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. miRNAs may serve as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for vascular disease. This review article summarizes the research progress regarding the roles of miRNAs in vascular biology and vascular disease.

SUBMITTER: Zhang C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3626441 | biostudies-other | 2010 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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MicroRNAs in vascular biology and vascular disease.

Zhang Chunxiang C

Journal of cardiovascular translational research 20100213 3

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a novel class of endogenous, small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate over 30% of genes in a cell via degradation or translational inhibition of their target mRNAs. Functionally, an individual miRNA is important as a transcription factor because it is able to regulate the expression of its multiple target genes. Recent studies have identified that miRNAs are highly expressed in vasculature and their expression is deregulated in diseased vessels. miRNAs a ...[more]

PMID: 20560045

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Project description:This review discusses recent research on the genetic, molecular, cellular, and developmental mechanisms underlying the etiology of vascular malformations of the brain (VMBs), including cerebral cavernous malformation, sporadic brain arteriovenous malformation, and the arteriovenous malformations of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Summary of Review- The identification of gene mutations and genetic risk factors associated with cerebral cavernous malformation, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and sporadic arteriovenous malformation has enabled the development of animal models for these diseases and provided new insights into their etiology. All of the genes associated with VMBs to date have known or plausible roles in angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. Recent work suggests that the angiogenic process most severely disrupted by VMB gene mutation is that of vascular stabilization, the process whereby vascular endothelial cells form capillary tubes, strengthen their intercellular junctions, and recruit smooth muscle cells to the vessel wall. In addition, there is now good evidence that in some cases, cerebral cavernous malformation lesion formation involves a genetic 2-hit mechanism in which a germline mutation in one copy of a cerebral cavernous malformation gene is followed by a somatic mutation in the other copy. There is also increasing evidence that environmental second hits can produce lesions when there is a mutation to a single allele of a VMB gene.Recent findings begin to explain how mutations in VMB genes render vessels vulnerable to rupture when challenged with other inauspicious genetic or environmental factors and have suggested candidate therapeutics. Understanding of the cellular mechanisms of VMB formation and progression in humans has lagged behind that in animal models. New knowledge of lesion biology will spur new translational work. Several well-established clinical and genetic database efforts are already in place, and further progress will be facilitated by collaborative expansion and standardization of these.

Dataset Information

MicroRNAs in vascular biology and vascular disease.

Publications

MicroRNAs in vascular biology and vascular disease.

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