Latency of tone-burst-evoked auditory brain stem responses and otoacoustic emissions: level, frequency, and rise-time effects.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Rasetshwane DM
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3663861 | biostudies-other | 2013 May
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:In contrast to clinical click-evoked otoacoustic emission (CEOAE) tests that are inaccurate above 4-5 kHz, a research procedure measured CEOAEs up to 16 kHz in 446 ears and predicted the presence/absence of a sensorineural hearing loss. The behavioral threshold test that served as a reference to evaluate CEOAE test accuracy used a yes-no task in a maximum-likelihood adaptive procedure. This test was highly efficient between 0.5 and 12.7 kHz: Thresholds measured in 2 min per frequency had a median standard deviation (SD) of 1.2-1.5 dB across subjects. CEOAE test performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The mean AUC from 1 to 10 kHz was 0.90 (SD=0.016). AUC decreased to 0.86 at 12.7 kHz and to 0.7 at 0.5 and 16 kHz, possibly due in part to insufficient stimulus levels. Between 1 and 12.7 kHz, the medians of the magnitude difference in CEOAEs and in behavioral thresholds were <4 dB. The improved CEOAE test performance above 4-5 kHz was due to retaining the portion of the CEOAE response with latencies as short as 0.3 ms. Results have potential clinical significance in predicting hearing status from at least 1 to 10 kHz using a single CEOAE response.
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Project description:Both otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) are sexually dimorphic, and both are believed to be influenced by prenatal androgen exposure. OAEs and AEPs were collected from people affected by 1 of 3 categories of disorders of sex development (DSD) - (1) women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS); (2) women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH); and (3) individuals with 46,XY DSD including prenatal androgen exposure who developed a male gender despite initial rearing as females (men with DSD). Gender identity (GI) and role (GR) were measured both retrospectively and at the time of study participation, using standardized questionnaires. The main objective of this study was to determine if patterns of OAEs and AEPs correlate with gender in people affected by DSD and in controls. A second objective was to assess if OAE and AEP patterns differed according to degrees of prenatal androgen exposure across groups. Control males, men with DSD, and women with CAH produced fewer spontaneous OAEs (SOAEs) - the male-typical pattern - than control females and women with CAIS. Additionally, the number of SOAEs produced correlated with gender development across all groups tested. Although some sex differences in AEPs were observed between control males and females, AEP measures did not correlate with gender development, nor did they vary according to degrees of prenatal androgen exposure, among people with DSD. Thus, OAEs, but not AEPs, may prove useful as bioassays for assessing early brain exposure to androgens and predicting gender development in people with DSD.
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Project description:The human auditory system is exceptional at comprehending an individual speaker even in complex acoustic environments. Because the inner ear, or cochlea, possesses an active mechanism that can be controlled by subsequent neural processing centers through descending nerve fibers, it may already contribute to speech processing. The cochlear activity can be assessed by recording otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), but employing these emissions to assess speech processing in the cochlea is obstructed by the complexity of natural speech. Here, we develop a novel methodology to measure OAEs that are related to the time-varying harmonic structure of speech [speech-distortion-product OAEs (DPOAEs)]. We then employ the method to investigate the effect of selective attention on the speech-DPOAEs. We provide tentative evidence that the speech-DPOAEs are larger when the corresponding speech signal is attended than when it is ignored. Our development of speech-DPOAEs opens up a path to further investigations of the contribution of the cochlea to the processing of complex real-world signals.
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Project description:Distinct forms of age-related hearing loss are hypothesized based on evidence from animal models of aging, which are identifiable in human audiograms. The Sensory phenotype results from damage (e.g., excessive noise or ototoxic drugs) to outer hair cells and sometimes inner hair cells, producing large threshold increases predominately at high frequencies. The Metabolic phenotype results from a decline in endocochlear potential that can reduce outer hair cell motility throughout the cochlea, producing gradually sloping thresholds from lower to higher frequencies. Finally, the combined Metabolic?+?Sensory phenotype results in low-frequency losses similar to the Metabolic phenotype and high-frequency losses similar to the Sensory phenotype. Because outer hair cell function appears to be affected differently in each phenotype, this study used audiograms from 618 adults aged 50 to 93 years ( n?=?1,208 ears) to classify phenotypes and characterize differences in transient-evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) data. Significant phenotype differences were observed in frequency-band TEOAEs and configuration (intercept and slope), including large and broadly distributed TEOAE reductions for Metabolic and Metabolic?+?Sensory ears and more focused high-frequency TEOAE reductions for Sensory ears. These findings are consistent with metabolic declines that reduce cochlear amplification across a broad range of frequencies and more basally situated, high-frequency declines in sensory hearing loss. The results provide further validation for the classification of age-related hearing loss phenotypes based on audiograms and show human TEOAE declines that are highly consistent with animal models.
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Project description:Background: Coffee is a popular non-alcoholic beverage consumed by humans across the world. It contains caffeine, which is a type of stimulant of the central nervous system. In the auditory system, it has a positive effect on auditory brainstem response and perception of speech in noise. Further, caffeine has an inhibitory effect in the cochlea, but studies have rarely investigated its effect on otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) in humans. OAEs are low-intensity sounds produced by the cochlea, which could be recorded in the ear canal. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of coffee on transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and contralateral suppression of TEOAE. Method: A total of 52 young adults participated in the study. A cross-over study design was used for the present investigation. The TEOAE and contralateral suppression of TEOAE were recorded before and after consumption of coffee and milk. The contralateral suppression of TEOAE was measured by presenting white noise to the contralateral ear at 40, 50, and 60 dB sound pressure level (SPL). Results: The mean amplitude of TEOAE before and after consumption of coffee was similar in both ears. Further, the mean contralateral suppression of TEOAE was slightly larger after consumption of coffee in both ears. However, the mean difference was not significant in both the ears. Conclusions: Based on the findings of present study, coffee has no significant effect on the amplitude of TEOAE and contralateral suppression of TEOAE.
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Project description:The tectorial membrane (TM) is widely believed to play an important role in determining the ear's ability to detect and resolve incoming acoustic information. While it is still unclear precisely what that role is, the TM has been hypothesized to help overcome viscous forces and thereby sharpen mechanical tuning of the sensory cells. Lizards present a unique opportunity to further study the role of the TM given the diverse inner-ear morphological differences across species. Furthermore, stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs), sounds emitted by the ear in response to a tone, noninvasively probe the frequency selectivity of the ear. We report estimates of auditory tuning derived from SFOAEs for 12 different species of lizards with widely varying TM morphology. Despite gross anatomical differences across the species examined herein, low-level SFOAEs were readily measurable in all ears tested, even in non-TM species whose basilar papilla contained as few as 50-60 hair cells. Our measurements generally support theoretical predictions: longer delays/sharper tuning features are found in species with a TM relative to those without. However, SFOAEs from at least one non-TM species (Anolis) with long delays suggest there are likely additional micromechanical factors at play that can directly affect tuning. Additionally, in the one species examined with a continuous TM (Aspidoscelis) where cell-to-cell coupling is presumably relatively stronger, delays were intermediate. This observation appears consistent with recent reports that suggest the TM may play a more complex macromechanical role in the mammalian cochlea via longitudinal energy distribution (and thereby affect tuning). Although significant differences exist between reptilian and mammalian auditory biophysics, understanding lizard OAE generation mechanisms yields significant insight into fundamental principles at work in all vertebrate ears.
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Project description:The data presented in this article is related to our research article titled "contralateral suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions for various noise signals" (Kalaiah et al., 2017) [1]. The contralateral suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) was measured from 19 young adults with normal hearing sensitivity. To measure the contralateral suppression, TEOAEs were recorded using clicks in linear mode with and without presenting noise to the contralateral ear. Initially, the TEOAE was recorded without presenting noise to the contralateral ear of participants referred to as 'baseline' TEOAE. Following this, the TEOAE was recorded by presenting noise to the contralateral ear, referred to as contralateral noise conditions. Noises used in the present study included white noise, amplitude-modulated noise, and real-life noise signals. All recordings were completed on the same session in single probe-fit condition. The data reported here include the global amplitude of TEOAE, noise-floor level, and signal-to-noise ratio across baselines and contralateral noise conditions and the magnitude of contralateral suppression for various noises. Further, the data includes the amplitude of TEOAEs and suppression magnitude across eight 2 ms time bands between 2 and 18 ms.
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Project description:Purpose Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and audiometric thresholds have been used to account for the impacts of subclinical outer hair cell (OHC) dysfunction on auditory perception and measures of auditory physiology. However, the relationship between DPOAEs and the audiogram is unclear. This study investigated this relationship by determining how well DPOAE levels can predict the audiogram among individuals with clinically normal hearing. Additionally, the impacts of age, noise exposure, and the perception of tinnitus on the ability of DPOAE levels to predict the audiogram were evaluated. Method Suprathreshold DPOAE levels from 1 to 10 kHz and pure-tone thresholds from 0.25 to 16 kHz were measured in 366 ears from 194 young adults (19-35 years old) with clinically normal audiograms and middle ear function. The measured DPOAE levels at all frequencies were used to predict pure-tone thresholds at each frequency. Participants were grouped by age, self-reported noise exposure/Veteran status, and self-report of tinnitus. Results Including DPOAE levels in the pure-tone threshold prediction model improved threshold predictions at all frequencies from 0.25 to 16 kHz compared with a model based only on sample mean pure-tone thresholds, but these improvements were modest. DPOAE levels for f 2 frequencies of 4 and 5 kHz were particularly influential in predicting pure-tone thresholds above 4 kHz. However, prediction accuracy varied based on participant characteristics. On average, predicted pure-tone thresholds were better than measured thresholds among Veterans, individuals with tinnitus, and the oldest age group. Conclusions These results indicate a complex relationship between DPOAE levels and the audiogram. Underestimation of pure-tone thresholds for some groups suggests that additional factors other than OHC damage may impact thresholds among individuals within these categories. These findings suggest that DPOAE levels and pure-tone thresholds may differ in terms of how well they reflect subclinical OHC dysfunction. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13564745.
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Project description:A click-evoked otoacoustic emission (CEOAE) has group delay and spread as first- and second-order temporal moments varying over frequency, and instantaneous frequency and bandwidth as first- and second-order spectral moments varying over time. Energy-smoothed moments were calculated from a CEOAE database over 0.5-15 kHz bandwidth and 0.25-20 ms duration. Group delay and instantaneous frequency were calculated without phase unwrapping using a coherence synchrony measure that accurately classified ears with hearing loss. CEOAE moment measurements were repeatable in individual ears. Group delays were similar for CEOAEs and stimulus-frequency OAEs. Group spread is a frequency-specific measure of temporal spread in an emission, related to spatial spread across tonotopic generation sites along the cochlea. In normal ears, group delay and spread increased with frequency and decreased with level. A direct measure of cochlear tuning above 4 kHz was analyzed using instantaneous frequency and bandwidth. Synchronized spontaneous OAEs were present in most ears below 4 kHz, and confounded interpretation of moments. In ears with sensorineural hearing loss, group delay and spread varied with audiometric classification and amount of hearing loss; group delay differed between older males and females. CEOAE moments reveal clinically relevant information on cochlear tuning in ears with normal and impaired hearing.
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Project description:Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) at high frequencies are a non-invasive physiological test of basilar membrane mechanics at the basal end, and have clinical potential to detect risk of hearing loss related to outer-hair-cell dysfunction. Using stimuli with constant incident pressure across frequency, TEOAEs were measured in experiment 1 at low frequencies (0.7-8 kHz) and high frequencies (7.1-14.7 kHz) in adults with normal hearing up to 8 kHz and varying hearing levels from 9 to 16 kHz. In combination with click stimuli, chirp stimuli were used with slow, medium and fast sweep rates for which the local frequency increased or decreased with time. Chirp TEOAEs were transformed into equivalent click TEOAEs by inverse filtering out chirp stimulus phase, and analyzed similarly to click TEOAEs. To improve detection above 8 kHz, TEOAEs were measured in experiment 2 with higher-level stimuli and longer averaging times. These changes increased the TEOAE signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by 10 dB. Slower sweep rates were investigated but the elicited TEOAEs were detected in fewer ears compared to faster rates. Data were acquired in adults and children (age 11-17 y), including children with cystic fibrosis (CF) treated with ototoxic antibiotics. Test-retest measurements revealed satisfactory repeatability of high-frequency TEOAE SNR (median of 1.3 dB) and coherence synchrony measure, despite small test-retest differences related to changes in forward and reverse transmission in the ear canal. The results suggest the potential use of such tests to screen for sensorineural hearing loss, including ototoxic loss. Experiment 2 was a feasibility study to explore TEOAE test parameters that might be used in a full-scale study to screen CF patients for risk of ototoxic hearing loss.
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