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Enhancement mechanisms of graphene in nano-58S bioactive glass scaffold: mechanical and biological performance.

ABSTRACT: Graphene is a novel material and currently popular as an enabler for the next-generation nanocomposites. Here, we report the use of graphene to improve the mechanical properties of nano-58S bioactive glass for bone repair and regeneration. And the composite scaffolds were fabricated by a homemade selective laser sintering system. Qualitative and quantitative analysis demonstrated the successful incorporation of graphene into the scaffold without obvious structural damage and weight loss. The optimum compressive strength and fracture toughness reached 48.65 ± 3.19 MPa and 1.94 ± 0.10 MPa · m(1/2) with graphene content of 0.5 wt%, indicating significant improvements by 105% and 38% respectively. The mechanisms of pull-out, crack bridging, crack deflection and crack tip shielding were found to be responsible for the mechanical enhancement. Simulated body fluid and cell culture tests indicated favorable bioactivity and biocompatibility of the composite scaffold. The results suggest a great potential of graphene/nano-58S composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications.

SUBMITTER: Gao C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3988481 | biostudies-other | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:Objective:To compare the elastic modulus, flexural strength, and hardness of an experimental resin based composite (RBC) with and without containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and bioactive glass (BAG) with a commercially available RBC. Methods:This study was conducted, during the period August 2016-May 2018, at the Department of Dental Materials, Peshawar Dental College, Peshawar (Pakistan) and Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, Canada. Test specimens made in the commercial RBC acted as Group-1 (G1). An experimental RBC containing 70 wt % filler content was synthesized. It was first used as such to prepare test specimens to act as the experimental control group (G2). This RBC was then modified by adding various amounts of BAG (5%, 10% and 15%) and a fixed amount of 0.009% AgNPs to use the so modified RBCs for preparing the test specimens to belong to three groups (G3, G4 & G5). The AgNPs had been synthesized in situ by reduction of salt during photo-polymerization. Flexural strength (FS), elastic modulus (EM) and Vickers hardness were determined using universal testing machine and hardness tester respectively. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test. Results:Except for G3 restorations showing significantly lower mean FS value, the FS for those in the other groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). Elastic modulus of the experimental RBC restorations was though higher than those of the others but the difference was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Reduced Vickers hardness values were documented for the restorations in the G4 and G5 compared to those in the G3 but again the difference was insignificant (p>0.05). Flexural strength and hardness values of the test specimens in the experimental RBCs were significantly lower than those made in the commercial hybrid RBC (p<0.05). Conclusion:BAG and AgNPs addition to the experimental RBC in the mentioned concentration adversely affected the tested mechanical properties.

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Enhancement mechanisms of graphene in nano-58S bioactive glass scaffold: mechanical and biological performance.

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