Dataset Information

Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter: association with nonaccidental and cardiovascular mortality in the agricultural health study cohort.

ABSTRACT: Few studies have examined the relationship between long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nonaccidental mortality in rural populations.We examined the relationship between PM2.5 and nonaccidental and cardiovascular mortality in the U.S. Agricultural Health Study cohort.The cohort (n = 83,378) included farmers, their spouses, and commercial pesticide applicators residing primarily in Iowa and North Carolina. Deaths occurring between enrollment (1993-1997) and 30 December 2009 were identified by record linkage. Six-year average (2001-2006) remote-sensing derived estimates of PM2.5 were assigned to participants' residences at enrollment, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) in relation to a 10-?g/m(3) increase in PM2.5 adjusted for individual-level covariates.In total, 5,931 nonaccidental and 1,967 cardiovascular deaths occurred over a median follow-up time of 13.9 years. PM2.5 was not associated with nonaccidental mortality in the cohort as a whole (HR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.76, 1.20), but consistent inverse relationships were observed among women. Positive associations were observed between ambient PM2.5 and cardiovascular mortality among men, and these associations were strongest among men who did not move from their enrollment address (HR = 1.63; 95% 0.94, 2.84). In particular, cardiovascular mortality risk in men was significantly increased when analyses were limited to nonmoving participants with the most precise exposure geocoding (HR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.04, 3.36).Rural PM2.5 may be associated with cardiovascular mortality in men; however, similar associations were not observed among women. Further evaluation is required to explore these sex differences.

SUBMITTER: Weichenthal S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4050514 | biostudies-other | 2014 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter: association with nonaccidental and cardiovascular mortality in the agricultural health study cohort.

Weichenthal Scott S Villeneuve Paul J PJ Burnett Richard T RT van Donkelaar Aaron A Martin Randall V RV Jones Rena R RR DellaValle Curt T CT Sandler Dale P DP Ward Mary H MH Hoppin Jane A JA

Environmental health perspectives 20140314 6

<h4>Background</h4>Few studies have examined the relationship between long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nonaccidental mortality in rural populations.<h4>Objective</h4>We examined the relationship between PM2.5 and nonaccidental and cardiovascular mortality in the U.S. Agricultural Health Study cohort.<h4>Methods</h4>The cohort (n = 83,378) included farmers, their spouses, and commercial pesticide applicators residing primarily in Iowa and North Carolina. Deaths oc ...[more]

PMID: 24633320

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Project description:BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious global public health challenge, but there is limited information on the connection between air pollution and risk of CKD.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter of less than [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) and the development of CKD in a large cohort.MethodsA total of 100,629 nonCKD Taiwanese residents age 20 y or above were included in this study between 2001 and 2014. Ambient [Formula: see text] concentration was estimated at each participant's address using a satellite-based spatiotemporal model. Incident CKD cases were identified by an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than [Formula: see text]. We collected information on a wide range of potential confounders/modifiers during the medical examinations. Cox proportional hazard regression was applied to calculate hazard ratios (HRs).ResultsDuring the follow-up, 4,046 incident CKD cases were identified, and the incidence rate was 6.24 per 1,000 person-years. In contrast with participants with the first quintile exposure of [Formula: see text], participants with the fourth and fifth quintiles exposure of [Formula: see text] had increased risk of CKD development, adjusting for age, sex, educational level, smoking, drinking, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and self-reported heart disease or stroke, with an HR [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 1.11 (1.02, 1.22) and 1.15 (1.05, 1.26), respectively. A significant concentration-response trend was observed ([Formula: see text]). Every [Formula: see text] increment in the [Formula: see text] concentration was associated with a 6% higher risk of developing CKD (HR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.10). Sensitivity and stratified analyses yielded similar results.ConclusionsLong-term exposure to ambient [Formula: see text] was associated with an increased risk of CKD development. Our findings reinforce the urgency to develop global strategies of air pollution reduction to prevent CKD. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3304.

Project description:Cohort studies in North America and western Europe have reported increased risk of mortality associated with long-term exposure to fine particles (PM2.5), but to date, no such studies have been reported in China, where higher levels of exposure are experienced.We estimated the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 with nonaccidental and cause-specific mortality in a cohort of Chinese men.We conducted a prospective cohort study of 189,793 men 40 y old or older during 1990-91 from 45 areas in China. Annual average PM2.5 levels for the years 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2005 were estimated for each cohort location using a combination of satellite-based estimates, chemical transport model simulations, and ground-level measurements developed for the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2013 study. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for nonaccidental cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung-cancer mortality. We also assessed the shape of the concentration-response relationship and compared the risk estimates with those predicted by Integrated Exposure-Response (IER) function, which incorporated estimates of mortality risk from previous cohort studies in western Europe and North America.The mean level of PM2.5 exposure during 2000-2005 was 43.7??g/m3 (ranging from 4.2 to 83.8??g/m3). Mortality HRs (95% CI) per 10-?g/m3 increase in PM2.5 were 1.09 (1.08, 1.09) for nonaccidental causes; 1.09 (1.08, 1.10) for CVD, 1.12 (1.10, 1.13) for COPD; and 1.12 (1.07, 1.14) for lung cancer. The HR estimate from our cohort was consistently higher than IER predictions.Long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with nonaccidental, CVD, lung cancer, and COPD mortality in China. The IER estimator may underestimate the excess relative risk of cause-specific mortality due to long-term exposure to PM2.5 over the exposure range experienced in China and other low- and middle-income countries. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1673.

Dataset Information

Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter: association with nonaccidental and cardiovascular mortality in the agricultural health study cohort.

Publications

Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter: association with nonaccidental and cardiovascular mortality in the agricultural health study cohort.

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