Effects of dietary inclusion of lentil byproduct on performance and oxidative stability of eggs in laying quail.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Cabuk M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4142671 | biostudies-other | 2014
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Alternative growth promoters are able to not only effectively replace the traditional use of antibiotics but also provide additional health benefits for livestock and reduce food safety concerns. This study investigated the effects of dry Hydrastis canadensis on the laying performance and fecal microbial community of laying hens. Twenty-four Lohmann (LSL, white layer strain) hens were reared from 40 to 48 weeks of age and randomly allotted to four dietary treatments (six birds/treatment). The dietary treatments comprised a basal diet with no treatment as control, a basal diet plus 0.6% powder of dry Hydrastis canadensis roots (R) or leaves (L), and a basal diet plus 0.6% powder of a mixture of dry Hydrastis canadensis roots and leaves (1:1, LR). No mortality was observed in the whole experimental period. The results indicated that albumen height in the LR group was significantly greater than that in the control group. The diet supplemented with Hydrastis canadensis had no significant effects on egg production rate, egg weight, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, Haugh unit, or yolk height during the whole experimental phase. However, principal coordinate analysis, comparative heat map analysis, and cluster dendrogram analysis of cecal microbiota showed distinct clusters among the groups treated with Hydrastis canadensis and the control group. Regarding blood biochemical parameters, serum cholesterol levels were significantly lower in all Hydrastis canadensis-treated groups compared with those in the control group. Moreover, serum low-density lipoprotein levels were lower in hens supplemented with the leaf of Hydrastis canadensis. The abundances of the phyla Fusobacteria and Kiritimatiellaeota were increased (p < 0.05) in laying hens fed with 0.6% Hydrastis canadensis leaves, whereas the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes in cecum digesta decreased in response to treatment with Hydrastis canadensis roots and leaves. The relative abundance of the Fusobacterium genus was higher in the LR group compared with that in the control. On the contrary, we found a different trend in the Synergistes genus. The potential influences of these microbiota on the performance of laying hens were discussed. The results demonstrate that Hydrastis canadensis can improve the egg albumen height and modulate the cecum digesta microbiota composition of laying hens.
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Project description:A 12-wk study was conducted to investigate the effects of a phytogenic premix (PP) inclusion level on production performance, and the expression of genes relevant for detoxification (aryl hydrocarbon receptor; AhR) and antioxidant capacity (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; Nrf2) in the ovaries of laying hens. The PP consisted of bioactive substances derived from ginger, lemon balm, oregano, and thyme substances (Anco FIT-Poultry). Depending on PP inclusion level (i.e., 0, 500, 750, 1,000, and 1,500 mg/kg diet) in the basal diet, 385 laying hens Hy-Line Brown, 20-wk-old were assigned into 5 treatments: CON, P500, P750, P1000, and P1500, with 7 replicates of 11 hens with ad libitum access to feed and water. Performance parameters were closely monitored on a weekly basis and analyzed in the following 3 experimental periods: 1 to 4 wk, 5 to 8 wk, and 9 to 12 wk of treatment administration (i.e., 21-24, 25-28, and 29-32 wk of layers age, respectively). At the end of the 8th and 12th wk of the experiment (i.e., 28 and 32 wk of layers age), a layer from each replicate was selected, euthanized, the ovaries sampled and stored deep frozen until gene expression analysis. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and means compared using Tukey's honest significant difference test. Polynomial contrasts tested the linear and quadratic effect of PP inclusion levels. Results revealed that PP inclusion, improved (P < 0.05) laying rate and egg mass, compared to CON. Increasing PP inclusion level enhanced laying rate and egg mass, linearly and quadratically and peaked at P1000 (P < 0.05). In the ovaries, the AhR pathway genes assessed were down-regulated (P < 0.05) mainly at P1000 and P750 treatments. In addition, PP related cytoprotective potential was demonstrated via beneficial changes seen for the majority of the Nrf2-pathway genes assessed with the P1000 displaying most significant differences from CON. Conclusively, new data highlighted beneficial cytoprotective effects of PP inclusion on layer ovaries and documented further layer performance, with the inclusion level of 1000 mg PP/kg diet being the most prominent.
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Project description:This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementation with canthaxanthin (Cx) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) on the production performance, egg quality, bone mineral content, blood biochemical parameters, and antioxidant status of European quail breeders. Two hundred and forty quail breeders were distributed in a completely randomized design with 5 diets and 8 replicates of 4 females and 2 males were used. All quail breeders received one of 5 diets: basal diet (containing 2,000 IU vitamin D3) or the same diet supplemented with 3 ppm Cx and 34.5 μg 25-OH-D3, 6 ppm Cx and 69 μg 25-OH-D3, 9 ppm Cx and 103.5 μg 25-OH-D3, or 12 ppm Cx and 138 μg 25-OH-D3. Production performance and internal and external egg quality parameters were not influenced by diet. Eggshell dry weight decreased linearly with increasing supplementation levels, and eggshell ash and calcium content increased quadratically. Plasma phosphorus, calcium, and ionic calcium levels in females and plasma ionic calcium levels in males showed a positive quadratic response to dietary supplementation. Femoral and tibiotarsal dry weight and calcium content were influenced by diet. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity in the liver of males and females and in the serum of females showed a positive quadratic relationship with Cx and 25-OH-D3 levels, whereas the malonaldehyde concentration showed a negative quadratic relationship. DPPH scavenging activity in the serum of male quail increased linearly with supplementation. There was a positive quadratic effect on superoxide dismutase gene expression and a positive linear effect on glutathione peroxidase 7 gene expression, suggesting that dietary enrichment with Cx and 25-OH-D3 might help protect spermatozoa against oxidative damage. The dietary supplement was pro-oxidative at high concentrations (above 9 ppm Cx). The results indicate that diets with adequate levels of Cx and 25-OH-D3 have a beneficial effect on calcium and phosphorus metabolism as well as on the antioxidant defense system. We recommend supplementing European quail breeders in the laying period with 6 ppm Cx and 69 μg 25-OH-D3.
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