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New Frontiers for Cartilage Repair and Protection.

ABSTRACT: Articular cartilage injury is common after athletic injury and remains a difficult treatment conundrum both for the surgeon and athlete. Although recent treatments for damage to articular cartilage have been successful in alleviating symptoms, more durable and complete, long-term articular surface restoration remains the unattained goal. In this article, we look at both new ways to prevent damage to articular surfaces as well as new techniques to recreate biomechanically sound and biochemically true articular surfaces once an athlete injures this surface. This goal should include reproducing hyaline cartilage with a well-integrated and flexible subchondral base and the normal zonal variability in the articular matrix.A number of nonoperative interventions have shown early promise in mitigating cartilage symptoms and in preclinical studies have shown evidence of chondroprotection. These include the use of glucosamine, chondroitin, and other neutraceuticals, viscosupplementation with hyaluronic acid, platelet-rich plasma, and pulsed electromagnetic fields. Newer surgical techniques, some already in clinical study, and others on the horizon offer opportunities to improve the surgical restoration of the hyaline matrix often disrupted in athletic injury. These include new scaffolds, single-stage cell techniques, the use of mesenchymal stem cells, and gene therapy.Although many of these treatments are in the preclinical and early clinical study phase, they offer the promise of better options to mitigate the sequelae of athletically induced cartilage.

SUBMITTER: Zaslav K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4297164 | biostudies-other | 2012 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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New Frontiers for Cartilage Repair and Protection.

Zaslav Kenneth K McAdams Timothy T Scopp Jason J Theosadakis Jason J Mahajan Vivek V Gobbi Alberto A

Cartilage 20120101 1 Suppl

<h4>Objective</h4>Articular cartilage injury is common after athletic injury and remains a difficult treatment conundrum both for the surgeon and athlete. Although recent treatments for damage to articular cartilage have been successful in alleviating symptoms, more durable and complete, long-term articular surface restoration remains the unattained goal. In this article, we look at both new ways to prevent damage to articular surfaces as well as new techniques to recreate biomechanically sound ...[more]

PMID: 26069613

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Project description:The Frontiers Media family has over 200 journals, which are each headed by usually one Field Chief Editor, and several thousand specialty sections, which are each headed by one or more Specialty Chief Editors. The year 2021 was the 10th anniversary of the founding of the Frontiers in Genetics journal and the Frontiers in Toxicogenomics specialty section of this journal. In 2021, we also announce one of the newest of the Frontiers journals-Frontiers in Toxicology which is part of the Frontiers Media family of journals but independent of Frontiers in Genetics. Dr. Ruden is the founding, and currently sole, Specialty Chief Editor of Frontiers in Toxicogenomics and one of 9 Specialty Chief Editors of Frontiers in Toxicology. As of 2021, Frontiers in Toxicogenomics has published over 138 articles and has over 370 Editors including 90 Associate Editors and 280 Review Editors. The Frontiers in Genetics impact factor was initially approximately 2.5 when it was first listed in PubMed in 2015 and has risen steadily to its current value of 4.8, which is typical for the majority of the over 200 Frontiers journals that have established impact factors. In this overview of the first decade of Frontiers in Toxicogenomics, we discuss the top 5 articles with the highest Scopus citations, which were all written in the first few years of the journal. The article with the highest number of citations, with 353 Scopus over 600 Google Scholar citations, and the highest average number of citations (67) that steadily increased from 10 citations in 2013 to 119 citations in 2021, was written in 2012 by Dr. Ruden's laboratory and titled, "Using Drosophila melanogaster as a model for genotoxic chemical mutational studies with a new program, SnpSift." The five most influential authors who published in the journal in the past 10 years based on Scopus citations of a particular paper are Dr. Ruden's laboratory, with 353 Scopus citations for the SnpSift paper mentioned above; Drs. Brock Christensen and Carmen J. Marsit, with 86 Scopus citations for their review, "Epigenomics in environmental health"; Dr. Michael Aschner and colleagues, with 61 Scopus citations for their paper "Genetic factors and manganese-induced neurotoxicity"; and Dr. Sandra C. dos Santos and colleagues, with 59 Scopus citations for their paper, "Yeast toxicogenomics: genome-wide responses to chemical stresses with impact in environmental health, pharmacology, and biotechnology." While the top 5 papers were published in the early years of the journal, we will also discuss a more recent article published in 2018 on a comparison of RNA-seq and microarray methods by Dr. Michael Liguori's laboratory, "Comparison of RNA-Seq and Microarray Gene Expression Platforms for the Toxicogenomic Evaluation of Liver From Short-Term Rat Toxicity Studies," that far exceeds the number of downloads and views of all the other articles published in the first 10 years of the journal and will likely be a top cited paper in the second decade highlights of this journal. Finally, we discuss where the Frontiers in Toxicogenomics specialty journal and the Frontiers in Toxicology journal will go to advance the field of toxicogenomics, and more generally, toxicology, in the future.

Project description:Cartilage injury originating from trauma or osteoarthritis is a common joint disease that can bring about an increasing social and economic burden in modern society. On account of its avascular, neural, and lymphatic characteristics, the poor migration ability of chondrocytes, and a low number of progenitor cells, the self-healing ability of cartilage defects has been significantly limited. Natural hydrogels, occurring abundantly with characteristics such as high water absorption, biodegradation, adjustable porosity, and biocompatibility like that of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), have been developed into one of the most suitable scaffold biomaterials for the regeneration of cartilage in material science and tissue engineering. Notably, natural hydrogels derived from sources such as animal or human cadaver tissues possess the bionic mechanical behaviors of physiological cartilage that are required for usage as articular cartilage substitutes, by which the enhanced chondrogenic phenotype ability may be achieved by facilely embedding living cells, controlling degradation profiles, and releasing stimulatory growth factors. Hence, we summarize an overview of strategies and developments of the various kinds and functions of natural hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering in this review. The main concepts and recent essential research found that great challenges like vascularity, clinically relevant size, and mechanical performances were still difficult to overcome because the current limitations of technologies need to be severely addressed in practical settings, particularly in unpredictable preclinical trials and during future forays into cartilage regeneration using natural hydrogel scaffolds with high mechanical properties. Therefore, the grand aim of this current review is to underpin the importance of preparation, modification, and application for the high performance of natural hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering, which has been achieved by presenting a promising avenue in various fields and postulating real-world respective potentials.

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New Frontiers for Cartilage Repair and Protection.

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New Frontiers for Cartilage Repair and Protection.

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