Polyarteritis nodosa-induced pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysmal rupture.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Levin S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4347821 | biostudies-other | 2015 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:BackgroundMyocardial infarction (MI) with non-obstructive coronary arteries presenting with ST-segment elevation can be challenging. Understanding the cardiac and non-cardiac causes aid in identifying the underlying diagnosis and deciding on the management. Neurological insult resulting in a mismatch of oxygen supply or demand to cardiomyocytes can lead to type 2 MI. Acute brain injury, such as intracranial haemorrhage, can induce cardiac dysfunction secondary to brain-heart interaction via hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and catecholamine surge.Case summaryA 50-year-old Caucasian male who vaped cannabis presented with epileptic seizures. A Glasgow coma scale of 7/15 necessitated urgent intubation. Electrocardiogram showed ST-segment elevation in inferior leads. Computed tomography of the head suggested intracerebral haemorrhage. He was stabilized in the intensive care unit (ICU). Subsequent imaging confirmed anterior communicating cerebral artery aneurysm and haematoma. Echocardiogram showed severe left ventricular dysfunction and hypokinesia in the left circumflex (LCx) territory. After step down from ICU, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed transmural MI and myocardial oedema at LCx territory. Coronary angiogram was normal. Patient was treated with Levetiracetam and heart failure regimen. A cardiac defibrillator was implanted for secondary prevention and he was scheduled for elective neurosurgical intervention. A follow-up outpatient echocardiogram was normal.DiscussionMyocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries is uncommon. Though the majority is due to either plaque disruption or myocarditis, non-cardiac causes, such as acute neurological insults and substance use, should be considered. Scrutinizing the clinical presentation and using a meticulous approach with appropriate investigations are required to reach the correct diagnosis and appropriate management.
| S-EPMC8099231 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8099576 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A patient with occlusion of the left superficial femoral artery (SFA) underwent endovascular intervention. Six-month follow-up angiography revealed aneurysmal dilatation of the previously stented artery. This finding may be a result of maladaptive vascular remodeling or arterial injury resulting in aneurysmal dilatation secondary to subintimal crossing, atherectomy, and paclitaxel therapies. (Level of Difficulty: Beginner.).
| S-EPMC8311142 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and purposeFD technology enables reconstructive repair of otherwise difficult-to-treat intracranial aneurysms. These stentlike devices may induce progressive aneurysm thrombosis without additional implants and may initiate complete reverse vessel remodeling. The associated vascular biologic processes are as yet only partially understood.Materials and methodsFrom 12 different centers, 13 cases of delayed postprocedural aneurysm rupture were recorded and analyzed. Symptom, aneurysm location and morphology, and the time elapsed from treatment until rupture were analyzed.ResultsThere were 10 internal carotid and 3 basilar artery aneurysms. Mean aneurysm diameter was 22 ± 6 mm. Eleven patients were symptomatic before treatment. A single FD was used for all saccular aneurysms, while fusiform lesions were treated by using multiple devices. A supplementary loose coiling of the aneurysm was performed in 1 patient only. Ten patients developed early aneurysm rupture after FD treatment (mean, 16 days; range, 2-48 days); in 3 patients, rupture occurred 3-5 months after treatment. In all cases, most of the aneurysm cavity was thrombosed before rupture. The biologic mechanisms predisposing to rupture under these conditions are reviewed and discussedConclusionsFDs alone may modify hemodynamics in ways that induce extensive aneurysm thrombosis. Under specific conditions, however, instead of reverse remodeling and cicatrization, aggressive thrombus-associated autolysis of the aneurysm wall may result in delayed rupture.
| S-EPMC7964960 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is the most common congenital anomaly of coronary arteries. Management strategies for CAF causing symptoms and large shunting are well described. With growing use of noninvasive imaging modalities, the diagnosis of asymptomatic CAF has increased. This poses challenge on the management of CAF with high-risk features as therapeutic strategy of incidentally found CAF remains open to debate. The actual risk of complications in such cases is mere speculations based on small studies and need to be revisited. We describe the case of an asymptomatic 78-year-old woman with a large saccular coronary aneurysm associated with coronary artery to pulmonary artery fistula that was treated successfully using coils. We discuss the updated literature on the management of CAF as well.
| S-EPMC4082458 | biostudies-other
Project description:Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a common finding following head trauma, is usually a benign condition with a favorable outcome, seldom requiring surgical intervention. Unlike nontraumatic aneurysmal SAH, most cases of traumatic SAH occur in the sulci of the cerebral convexities, and only rarely arise at the base of the brain. Basal traumatic SAH can be life-threatening and is primarily associated with rupture of vertebrobasilar arteries. We herein present a rare case of basal traumatic SAH resulting from rupture of the posterior communicating artery (PCoA). A 77-year-old male was taken to the emergency department in a semicomatose state. Upon arrival at emergency room, the patient had a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score of 6 (E1M3V2), and the neurologic examination demonstrated no focal neurologic deficit. Although the trauma history was evident from abrasions and bruising on the face and chest, brain computed tomography (CT) demonstrated basal SAH, which is typical for nontraumatic aneurysmal SAH. Subsequent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) disclosed a traumatic rupture at the mid-portion of right PCoA and ongoing extravasation of contrast media. Despite emergent trapping of the right PCoA by endovascular surgery, the patient's clinical condition only minimally improved. The patient remained bed-ridden with stuporous mentality and persistent hydrocephalus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of basal traumatic SAH originating from rupture of the PCoA. This case demonstrates that a meticulous vascular workup is mandatory for every patient with basal SAH, even though a trauma history is clear.
| S-EPMC7326191 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo determine outcomes of aneurysmal common iliac arteries (aCIA) used for landing zones (LZs) during endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).MethodsThis single-center study retrospectively compared 57 EVAR patients (mean age 72±8 years; 56 men) with 70 aCIAs (diameter ≥20 mm) to 25 control EVAR subjects (mean age 73±7 years; 20 men) with 50 normal (≤15-mm) CIA LZs treated consecutively during the same time interval. The CIA LZ measurements were analyzed using random effects linear mixed models to determine diameter change over time. Life tables were used to estimate freedom from endoleak, reintervention, and all-cause mortality.ResultsThe mean maximum preoperative CIA diameter in the aCIA LZ group was 24.8±4.5 mm (range 20.0-47.3, median 23.9) vs 13.6±1.5 mm (range 9.2-15.0, median 13.9; p<0.001) in the controls. Nineteen aCIA LZs were treated outside the instructions for use of the device. Median follow-up in the aCIAs LZ cohort was 39.2 months [interquartile range (IQR) 15, 61] vs 49.3 months (IQR 36, 61) in the controls (p=0.06). The rate of aCIA LZ change (0.09 mm/mo, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.1) was significantly greater than controls (0.03 mm/mo, 95% CI -0.009 to 0.07; p<0.0001). No type Ib endoleaks developed in either group; however, aCIA LZ patients had 6 (11%) iliac limb-related reinterventions. There were significantly more endograft-related reinterventions in the aCIA LZ patients (n=10, 14%) compared with controls (n=2, 4%; p=0.06). There was no difference in mortality or freedom from any post-hospital discharge endoleak.ConclusionAneurysmal CIA LZs used during EVAR experience greater dilatation compared with normal LZs, but no significant difference in outcome was noted in midterm follow-up. However, an increased incidence of graft limb complications or endograft-related reintervention may be encountered. Use of aCIA LZs appears to be safe; however, greater patient numbers and longer follow-up are needed to understand the clinical implications of morphologic changes in these vessels when used during EVAR.
| S-EPMC5624232 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Since the initial publication of the International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms (ISUIA), management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms has been mainly based on the size of the aneurysm. The contribution of morphological characteristics to treatment decisions of unruptured aneurysms has not been well studied in a systematic and location specific manner. We present a large sample of basilar artery tip aneurysms (BTA) that were assessed using a diverse array of morphological variables to determine the parameters associated with ruptured aneurysms. Demographic and clinical risk factors of aneurysm rupture were obtained from chart review. CT angiograms (CTA) were evaluated with Slicer, an open source visualization and image analysis software, to generate 3-D models of the aneurysms and surrounding vascular architecture. Morphological parameters examined in each model included aneurysm volume, aspect ratio, size ratio, aneurysm angle, basilar vessel angle, basilar flow angle, and vessel to vessel angles. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine statistical significance. From 2008-2013, 54 patients with BTA aneurysms were evaluated in a single institution, and CTAs from 33 patients (15 ruptured, 18 unruptured) were available and analyzed. Aneurysms that underwent reoperation, that were associated with arteriovenous malformations, or that lacked preoperative CTA were excluded. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that a larger angle between the posterior cerebral arteries (P1-P1 angle, p = 0.037) was most strongly associated with aneurysm rupture after adjusting for other morphological variables. In this location specific study of BTA aneurysms, the larger the angle formed between posterior cerebral arteries was found to be a new morphological parameter significantly associated with ruptured BTA aneurysms. This is a physically intuitive parameter that can be measured easily and readily applied in the clinical setting.
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Project description:Immunogenic cell death (ICD) arises when cells are under stress, and their membranes are damaged. They release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that stimulate and drive the type and magnitude of the immune response. In the presence of an antigen, DAMPs ride the longevity and efficacy of antigen-specific immunity. Yet, no tool can induce the controlled ICD with predictable results. A peptide-based tool, [II], is designed that aggregates in the cell and causes cell membrane damage, generates ICD and DAMPs release on various cell types, and hence can act as an adjuvant. An influenza vaccine is prepared by combining [II] with influenza hemagglutinin (HA) subunit antigens. The results show that [II] induced significantly higher HA-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2a antibodies than HA-only immunized mice, while the peptide itself did not elicit antibodies. This paper demonstrates the first peptide-aggregation induced immunogenic rupture (PAIIR) approach as a vaccine adjuvant. PAIIR is a promising adjuvant with a high potential to promote universal protection upon influenza HA vaccination.
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Project description:Rupture of the circumflex artery and nerve, without fracture or dislocation, is a rare traumatic event. Such a case is reported in a champion flat jockey who sustained blunt trauma to the shoulder after a fall during a race; the literature is also reviewed. At urgent surgical exploration, the axillary artery and nerve were repaired. The patient subsequently successfully returned to professional riding. This case highlights the difficulties in diagnosis and management.
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