Association of Periodontal Disease and Pre-term Low Birth Weight Infants.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Varadan M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4464563 | biostudies-other | 2015 May
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:BACKGROUND: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the leading causes of adverse perinatal outcomes and is closely related to neonatal disease and death. The incidence of LBW has been increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate the current incidence rate and factors affecting low birth weight infants and perinatal outcomes of full-term low birth weight infants in mainland China. METHODS: This paper describes a retrospective analysis of children born in 39 hospitals of different types in 14 different provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in seven districts within China throughout 2011. The data were first collected in hardcopy format and then entered into computer network databases. Data covering a total of 112,441 cases were collected. Cases were excluded if data were incomplete and in the case of miscarriage before 24 weeks of gestation, multiple pregnancies, or induction of labor due to fetal malformation, intrauterine death, and other reasons, leaving a total of 101,163 cases. SPSS 18.0 and SAS 9.2 statistical packages were used to analyze the collected data. RESULTS: According to this research, the incidence of LBW in mainland China was 6.1%, which is higher than the 5.87% reported in 2000, and it varied across different areas. The incidence of LBW was significantly higher in tertiary care hospitals than in secondary care hospitals. LBW was found to be associated with maternal age of less than 20 years, low level of maternal education, previous histories of adverse pregnancies, and with pregnancy comorbidities and complications, such as hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, anemia, oligohydramnios, premature rupture of membranes, and gestational diabetes. The rates of stillbirths, severe neonatal asphyxia, and deaths among full-term LBW infants were 2.42%, 0.83%, and 3.49%, respectively. The rates of stillbirths and neonatal deaths among full-term LBW infants born by caesarean section were 0.5% and 1.0%, respectively, which was lower than vaginal delivery. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of LBW has increased in China. LBW is a leading cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Health care during pregnancy and management of high-risk factors for LBW may reduce the incidence of LWB and the death rate of LBW infants.
| S-EPMC3877972 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health issue as it increases the risk of noncommunicable diseases throughout life. However, the genome-wide DNA methylation patterns of full-term LBW infants (FT-LBWs) are still unclear. This exploratory study aimed to analyze the DNA methylation differences in FT-LBWs compared with those in full-term normal birth weight infants (FT-NBWs) whose mothers were nonsmokers and had no complications. Initially, 702 Japanese women with singleton pregnancies were recruited. Of these, four FT-LBWs and five FT-NBWs were selected as references for DNA methylation analysis, and 862,260 CpGs were assessed using Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Gene ontology enrichment analysis was performed using DAVID v6.8 software to identify the biological functions of hyper- and hypomethylated DNA in FT-LBWs. 483 hyper-differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and 35 hypo-DMGs were identified in FT-LBW promoter regions. Hyper-DMGs were annotated to 11 biological processes; "macrophage differentiation" (e.g., CASP8), "apoptotic mitochondrial changes" (e.g., BH3), "nucleotide-excision repair" (e.g., HUS1), and "negative regulation of inflammatory response" (e.g., NLRP12 and SHARPIN). EREG was classified into "ovarian cumulus expansion" within the "organism growth and organization" category. Our data imply that LBW might be associated with epigenetic modifications, which regulate the immune system and cell maturation.
| S-EPMC7126402 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Influenza vaccine immunogenicity in premature infants is incompletely characterized.To assess the immunogenicity of trivalent, inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) in extremely low-birth-weight (? 1000 g birth weight) premature (<30 weeks gestation) infants. We hypothesized that geometric mean titers of influenza antibody would be lower in premature than in full-term (FT) (? 37 week) infants.In this prospective multicenter study, former premature and FT infants who were 6 to 17 months of age received 2 doses of TIV during the 2006-2007 or 2007-2008 influenza seasons. Sera were drawn before dose 1, and 4 to 6 weeks after dose 2. Antibody was measured by hemagglutination inhibition.Over 2 years, 41 premature and 42 FT infants were enrolled; 36 and 33 of these infants, respectively, had postvaccination titers available. Premature infants weighed less (mean, 1.3-1.8 kg difference) at the time of immunization than FT infants. Prevaccination titers did not differ between groups. Premature infants had higher postvaccination antibody geometric mean titers than FT infants to H1 (2006-2007, 1:513 vs. 1:91, P = 0.03; 2007-2008, 1:363 vs. 1:189, P = 0.02) and B/Victoria (2006-2007, 1:51 vs. 1:10, P = 0.02). More premature than FT infants had antibody titers ? 1:32 to B/Victoria (85% vs. 60%, P = 0.04) in 2007-2008. Two (5%) premature and 8 (19%) FT infants had adverse events, primarily fever, within 72 hours after vaccination. No child had medically diagnosed influenza.Former premature infants had antibody responses to 2 TIV doses higher than or equal to those of FT children. Two TIV doses are immunogenic and well tolerated in extremely low-birth-weight, premature infants 6 to 17 months old.
| S-EPMC3090695 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Bacterial sepsis is associated with high morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. However, diagnosis of sepsis and identification of the causative agent remains challenging. Our aim was to determine genome-wide expression profiles of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with and without bacterial sepsis and assess differences.
2016-05-29 | E-MTAB-4785 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:To determine the association between direct costs for the initial neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization and 4 potentially preventable morbidities in a retrospective cohort of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (birth weight <1500 g).The sample included 425 VLBW infants born alive between July 2005 and June 2009 at Rush University Medical Center. Morbidities included brain injury, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and late-onset sepsis. Clinical and economic data were retrieved from the institution's system-wide data and cost accounting system. A general linear regression model was fit to determine incremental direct costs associated with each morbidity.After controlling for birth weight, gestational age, and sociodemographic characteristics, the presence of brain injury was associated with a $12048 (P = .005) increase in direct costs; necrotizing enterocolitis, with a $15 440 (P = .005) increase; bronchopulmonary dysplasia, with a $31565 (P < .001) increase; and late-onset sepsis, with a $10055 (P < .001) increase. The absolute number of morbidities was also associated with significantly higher costs.This study provides collective estimates of the direct costs incurred during neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization for these 4 morbidities in VLBW infants. The incremental costs associated with these morbidities are high, and these data can inform future studies evaluating interventions aimed at preventing or reducing these costly morbidities.
| S-EPMC3584449 | biostudies-other
Project description:IMPORTANCE:Thrombocytopenia and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) are common among very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. Survey results suggest that US neonatologists frequently administer platelet transfusions to VLBW infants with mild to moderate thrombocytopenia. OBJECTIVES:To characterize platelet transfusion practices in US neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), to determine whether severity of illness influences platelet transfusion decisions, and to examine the association between platelet count (PCT) and the risk for IVH in the first 7 days of life. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:This multicenter, retrospective cohort study included 972 VLBW infants treated in 6 US NICUs, with admission dates from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2007. Data were collected from all infants until NICU discharge or death (last day of data collected, December 4, 2008). Data were entered into the central database, cleaned, and analyzed from May 1, 2009, to February 11, 2016. INTERVENTION:Platelet transfusion. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:Number of platelet transfusions and incidence of IVH. RESULTS:Among the 972 VLBW infants (520 [53.5%] male; mean [SD] gestational age, 28.2 [2.9] weeks), 231 received 1002 platelet transfusions (mean [SD], 4.3 [6.0] per infant; range, 1-63 per infant). The pretransfusion PCT was at least 50?000/?L for 653 of 998 transfusions (65.4%) with this information. Two hundred eighty-one transfusions (28.0%) were given during the first 7 days of life. During that period, platelet transfusions were given on 35 of 53 days (66.0%) when the patient had a PCT less than 50?000/?L and on 203 of 436 days (46.6%) when the patient had a PCT of 50?000/?L to 99?000/?L. At least 1 marker of severe illness was present on 198 of 212 patient-days (93.4%) with thrombocytopenia (PCT, <100?000/?L) when a platelet transfusion was given compared with 113 of 190 patient-days (59.5%) with thrombocytopenia when no platelet transfusion was given. Thrombocytopenia was a risk factor for intraventricular hemorrhage during the first 7 days of life (hazard ratio, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.53-3.08; P?<?.001). However, no correlation was found between severity of thrombocytopenia and risk for IVH. After controlling for significant clinical factors and thrombocytopenia, platelet transfusions did not have a significant effect on the incidence of IVH (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.49-1.73; P?=?.80). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:A large proportion of platelet transfusions were given to VLBW infants with PCT greater than 50?000/?L. Severity of illness influenced transfusion decisions. However, the severity of thrombocytopenia did not correlate with the risk for IVH, and platelet transfusions did not reduce this risk.
| S-EPMC6377279 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Preterm birth survivors are at a higher risk of growth and developmental disabilities compared to their term counterparts. Development of strategies to lower the complications of preterm birth forms the rising need of the hour. Appropriate nutrition is essential for the growth and development of preterm infants. Early administration of optimal nutrition to preterm birth survivors lowers the risk of adverse health outcomes and improves cognition in adulthood. A group of neonatologists, pediatricians, and nutrition experts convened to discuss and frame evidence-based recommendations for optimizing nutrition in preterm low birth weight (LBW) infants. The following were the primary recommendations of the panel: (1) enteral feeding is safe and may be preferred to parenteral nutrition due to the complications associated with the latter; however, parenteral nutrition may be a useful adjunct to enteral feeding in some critical cases; (2) early, fast, or continuous enteral feeding yields better outcomes compared to late, slow, or intermittent feeding, respectively; (3) routine use of nasogastric tubes is not advisable; (4) preterm infants can be fed while on ventilator or continuous positive airway pressure; (5) routine evaluation of gastric residuals and abdominal girth should be avoided; (6) expressed breast milk (EBM) is the first choice for feeding preterm infants due to its beneficial effects on cardiovascular, neurological, bone health, and growth outcomes; the second choice is donor pasteurized human milk; (7) EBM or donor milk may be fortified with human milk fortifiers, without increasing the osmolality of the milk, to meet the high protein requirements of preterm infants; (8) standard fortification is effective and safe but does not fulfill the high protein needs; (9) use of targeted and adjustable fortification, where possible, helps provide optimal nutrition; (10) optimizing weight gain in preterm infants prevents long-term cardiovascular complications; (11) checking for optimal weight and sucking/swallowing ability is essential prior to discharge of preterm infants; and (12) appropriate counseling and regular follow-up and monitoring after discharge will help achieve better long-term health outcomes. This consensus summary serves as a useful guide to clinicians in addressing the challenges and providing optimal nutrition to preterm LBW infants.
| S-EPMC5445116 | biostudies-other
Project description:Mother's own milk (MOM) reduces the risk of morbidities in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. When MOM is unavailable, donor breastmilk (DM) is used, with unclear impact on short- and long-term growth. This retrospective analysis compared anthropometric data at six time points from birth to 20⁻24 months corrected age in VLBW infants who received MOM supplements of preterm formula (n = 160) versus fortified DM (n = 161) during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization. The cohort was 46% female; mean birth weight and gestational age (GA) were 998 g and 27.3 weeks. Multilevel linear growth models assessed changes in growth z-scores short-term (to NICU discharge) and long-term (post-discharge), controlling for amount of DM or formula received in first 28 days of life, NICU length of stay (LOS), birth GA, and sex. Z-scores for weight and length decreased during hospitalization but increased for all parameters including head circumference post-discharge. Short-term growth was positively associated with LOS and birth GA. A higher preterm formula proportion, but not DM proportion, was associated with slower rates of decline in short-term growth trajectories, but feeding type was unrelated to long-term growth. In conclusion, controlling for total human milk fed, DM did not affect short- or long-term growth.
| S-EPMC6412258 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:It is well known that maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal pre-pregnancy overweight have opposite effects on the infants' birth weight. We report on the association of the combination between both risk factors and the infants' birth weight. METHODS:We studied 3241 infants born at term in the PIAMA birth cohort. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and pre-pregnancy height and weight were self-reported. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to assess the associations between infants of mothers who only smoked during pregnancy, who only had pre-pregnancy overweight and who had both risk factors simultaneously, on term birth weight and the risk of being SGA or LGA. RESULTS:Of 3241 infants, 421 infants (13%) were born to smoking, non-overweight mothers, 514 (15.8%) to non-smoking, overweight mothers, 129 (4%) to smoking and overweight mothers and 2177 (67%) to non-smoking, non-overweight mothers (reference group). Infants of mothers who smoked and also had pre-pregnancy overweight had similar term birth weight (-?26.6?g, 95%CI: -?113.0, 59.8), SGA risk (OR?=?1.06, 95%CI: 0.56, 2.04), and LGA risk (OR?=?1.09, 95%CI: 0.61, 1.96) as the reference group. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings suggested that the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal pre-pregnancy overweight on infants' birth weight cancel each other out. Therefore, birth weight may not be a good indicator of an infant's health status in perinatal practice because it may mask potential health risks due to these maternal risk factors when both present together.
| S-EPMC7047372 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo determine if selected pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and/or mediators of inflammation reported to be related to the development of cerebral palsy (CP) predict neurodevelopmental outcome in extremely low birth weight infants.Study designInfants with birth weights ?1000 g (n = 1067) had blood samples collected at birth and on days 3 ± 1, 7 ± 1, 14 ± 3, and 21 ± 3 to examine the association between cytokines and neurodevelopmental outcomes. The analyses were focused on 5 cytokines (interleukin [IL] 1?; IL-8; tumor necrosis factor-?; regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed, and secreted (RANTES); and IL-2) reported to be most predictive of CP in term and late preterm infants.ResultsIL-8 was higher on days 0-4 and subsequently in infants who developed CP compared with infants who did not develop CP in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Other cytokines (IL-12, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-?, soluble IL r?, macrophage inflammatory protein 1?) were found to be altered on days 0-4 in infants who developed CP.ConclusionsCP in former preterm infants may, in part, have a late perinatal and/or early neonatal inflammatory origin.
| S-EPMC3215787 | biostudies-literature